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PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology

New to PLATO? Start with the guide: why PLATO, and how to organise data about places in an ordinary spreadsheet. This page is the formal reference.

Release: 2026-02-16

This version:: https://w3id.org/plato/0.9.0-alpha.1
Previous version:: https://w3id.org/plato/0.8.0
Revision:: 0.9.0-alpha.1
Issued on:: 2026-10-05
Authors:: Stephen Gadd ✉
Contributors:: Pelagios Network Place Working Group
See also:: https://pelagios.org/place-attestation-ontology/index-en.html
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Cite as:: Gadd, Stephen, and the Pelagios Network Place Working Group. PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology, version 0.9.0-alpha.1. Zenodo, 2026. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21688313
DOI:

Provenance of this page

Ontology Specification Draft

PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology: Description back to ToC

An ontology for representing historical place knowledge as attestations: bundles of evidence linking SpatialEntities (settlements, routes, networks, administrative units, regions and other entities whose identity is bound up with space) to Names, Geometries, Timespans, Types, PropertyValues and Authorities with full provenance. Developed by the Pelagios Network's Place Working Group, led by the Institute for Spatial History Innovation (ISHI), University of Pittsburgh. PLATO formalises the WHG v4 data model, in which the Attestation is the fundamental unit of contributed knowledge. The Linked Places Format (LPF) is defined as its single-object-attestation profile: every LPF element corresponds to one attestation linking one entity to one name, type, geometry or related entity, so existing LPF files remain valid. The use cases of Linked Traces are accommodated within the same model.

Cross-reference for PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology.

Classes

Attestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Attestation

A bundle of evidence asserting that a particular SpatialEntity had a particular Name, Geometry, Type, or combination thereof, during a particular Timespan, according to a particular Authority. The Attestation node carries only metadata; its semantic content is defined entirely by its outgoing relationships. IMPORTANT: Attestations are document nodes in the graph, not edges. They are instances of plato:Attestation (a class), not instances of owl:ObjectProperty. This design enables meta-attestations and full provenance tracking.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Entity ^c
is in domain of: attests about ^op, attests geometry ^op, attests identity ^op, attests name ^op, attests property ^op, attests timespan ^op, attests type ^op, contributed by ^op, created ^dp, form status ^op, has citation ^op, has relation type ^op, meta-attestation about ^op, meta-attestation type ^op, modified ^dp, negated ^dp, notes ^dp, occurrence context ^op, occurrence count ^dp, related label ^dp, relates to ^op, sequence ^dp, source stance ^op, sourced by ^op, timespan role ^op
is in range of: contains attestation ^op, meta-attestation about ^op

Authority^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Authority

Abstract superclass for all reference entities that provide provenance or semantic grounding for attestations. Subtypes include Source, Dataset, Period, RelationType, and CertaintyLevel.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has sub-classes: Certainty Level ^c, Dataset ^c, Period ^c, Relation Type ^c, Source ^c
is in domain of: authority URI ^dp, bibliographic string ^dp, title ^dp, version ^dp
is in range of: cites ^op, identity sourced by ^op, sourced by ^op

Candidate^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Candidate

A match between two SpatialEntities suggested by software, for a person to review: reconciliation against reference gazetteers (as in WHG's Map your Data), record linkage, clustering. A Candidate carries a similarity score, the algorithm's version, optionally the settings that produced the score (plato:match_parameters), when it was generated, and the status it had when its CandidateSet was issued, 'suggested'. It is a claim by no one, and never becomes an IdentityRelation: a reviewer's answer is an Attestation bundling an IdentityRelation that points back through plato:promoted_from, a match or, with plato:negated, a denial. A Candidate is published only in a CandidateSet, and is frozen from then on, like a published attestation: never changed, never deleted, so that a promoted_from pointing at it keeps its meaning. What became of it is therefore derived, not stored. Take the attestations as of a moment (those created by then, less those retracted or superseded; see plato:Gazetteer) whose identity relations point at the Candidate: it is accepted where some are and none is negated, rejected where some are negated and none is not, answered both ways where there are both, and unanswered where there are none. Identity is attributed, so a consumer may ask this of one reviewer's or one gazetteer's attestations only. Its IRI is a fragment of the IRI of the CandidateSet that publishes it, minted from what it says: the set's IRI without any fragment, then '#c-' and the first 8 hex digits (lower case) of the SHA-256 of a JSON array of four strings, the source's IRI, the candidate's IRI, the algorithm version and the match parameters (empty when there are none), written in the JSON Canonicalization Scheme (RFC 8785) and hashed as UTF-8 with no Unicode normalisation. Where 8 digits would begin like another Candidate's hash, in its set or in an earlier set given to the minter, it takes the shortest prefix, in steps of 4 digits, that differs from every other. An IRI once published is never changed. A later set leaves out a Candidate an earlier set already published, so each Candidate has one IRI, under the set that first published it. The time it was generated is not hashed. '#a-' is the form of an attestation's IRI, never a Candidate's.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in domain of: algorithm version ^dp, candidate entity ^op, generated at ^dp, match parameters ^dp, similarity score ^dp, source entity ^op, status ^dp
is in range of: contains candidate ^op, promoted from ^op

Candidate Set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#CandidateSet

The matches one run of matching software suggested for a dataset's SpatialEntities (plato:candidates_for), published together for people to review and for the dataset's identity relations to point at (plato:promoted_from). A Candidate is published only in a candidate set, never in a Gazetteer: a Gazetteer holds claims, and a Candidate is a claim by no one. A candidate set is issued once (dcterms:issued) and frozen from then on: no Candidate in it is changed or deleted, and a later run is a new set. A dataset whose identity relations cite a candidate set should have that set published wherever the dataset is, so that promoted_from can be followed; a validator that has the set should warn when a promoted_from names no Candidate in it. As a dcat:Dataset it is titled with dcterms:title and licensed with dcterms:license, as a Gazetteer is. It is disjoint from Gazetteer, so it carries none of a Gazetteer's own properties (a status, an owner): its date of issue says from when it is frozen.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Dataset ^c
is in domain of: candidates for ^op, contains candidate ^op
is disjoint with: Gazetteer ^c

Certainty Level^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#CertaintyLevel

A defined level of certainty for use in attestations, allowing projects to standardise their confidence vocabulary. An attestation or facet points at one with plato:certainty_level. PLATO declares the three levels of Linked Places Format (plato:Certain, plato:LessCertain, plato:Uncertain); a project may declare its own.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Authority ^c
is in range of: certainty level ^op
has members: Certain ⁿⁱ, Less Certain ⁿⁱ, Uncertain ⁿⁱ

Citation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Citation

One attestation's use of one Authority: the qualified form of plato:sourced_by. Carries what is true of this citation rather than of the source or of the attestation: the locator within the work (page, folio, column, table cell, entry), and whether the attribution was stated in the source or inferred editorially. It carries no date. The date of a witness belongs on the Source (plato:source_timespan) and the date of the claim on the Attestation's Timespan. An attestation resting on several sources has several Citations, each with its own locator. Where there is nothing to say about the citation, plato:sourced_by alone is sufficient.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in domain of: attribution status ^op, citation function ^op, cites ^op, locator ^dp
is in range of: has citation ^op

Contributor^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Contributor

A person, team, or automated process that creates attestations. Aligned with both foaf:Agent and prov:Agent for provenance chain-of-custody tracking. Contributors should be identified using persistent identifiers where possible. For persons, ORCID (https://orcid.org/) is strongly recommended and may be required by specific implementations. ORCID identifiers should use the full URI format (https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000) rather than just the numeric portion, as ORCID is particular about proper URI formatting for linked data interoperability. For organizations, ROR (https://ror.org/) or ISNI identifiers are recommended. Proper identification ensures accurate attribution, enables citation, and supports research assessment.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Agent ^c, Agent ^c
is in domain of: ORCID ^dp, affiliation ^op, affiliation (string) ^dp, contributor URL ^dp, contributor identifier ^dp, contributor name ^dp, contributor role ^dp, email ^dp
is in range of: asserted by ^op, contributed by ^op, owner ^op

Dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Dataset

A collection-level authority: a published gazetteer, a contributed dataset, or an external authority corpus (GeoNames, Wikidata, TGN, OSM, Pleiades). Carries metadata such as title, version, publisher, and URI, and a licence (dcterms:license, as for any Authority).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Authority ^c
is in domain of: licence ^dp, publisher ^dp
is in range of: part of ^op

Gazetteer^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Gazetteer

A mutable, versioned workspace of SpatialEntities and Attestations, owned by a contributor or team. Replaces the WHG v3 concepts of Dataset, Dataset Collection, and Place Collection. A Gazetteer can be incrementally edited, enriched, and corrected without re-ingestion. A Gazetteer's attestations need not be about SpatialEntities it defines. It may attest evidence about SpatialEntities defined in other Gazetteers, identified by their IRIs, without redefining them: a correction to another project's place, a link from a record to an existing place, a curator's selection of places for a collection. Such an attestation adds evidence. It does not change the entity's identity or make this Gazetteer its owner, and its source, contributor and status are this Gazetteer's. The append-only rule of a published Gazetteer applies to the attestations it contains, not to everything said elsewhere about its entities. In PLATO JSON such attestations go in an attestation-centric document, whose 'about' gives the entity's IRI; a place-centric document declares every SpatialEntity it lists (plato:contains_entity), so it lists only its own. As a dcat:Dataset, a Gazetteer is titled with dcterms:title and licensed with dcterms:license. Not with plato:authority_title or plato:licence: their domains are plato:Authority and plato:Dataset, so using them would make the Gazetteer one of the Authorities it contains attestations about. Described for discovery and citation (the FAIR principles), again in the vocabularies a catalogue already reads: dcterms:creator for the people to cite (plato:gazetteer_owner, its owner, is not necessarily an author); dcat:keyword; dcterms:spatial for the area it covers, as an address; dcterms:temporal for the years it covers, a dcterms:PeriodOfTime with dcat:startDate and dcat:endDate; dcat:landingPage; and void:uriSpace, the base from which its entities' IRIs are made. A published Gazetteer (plato:gazetteer_status 'published') must state its dcterms:license: data others are to reuse needs its terms stated. All the other descriptive properties are optional. Versions, and so citations that reproduce. A SpatialEntity's evidence grows and is corrected while its identity stays the same, so a citation of it must say which state was meant. For the same reason as above, a Gazetteer's version uses DCAT 3's own properties, not a PLATO one: dcat:version for its version indicator, and, for a frozen snapshot published under its own IRI, dcat:isVersionOf (the living Gazetteer) and dcat:previousVersion (the snapshot before). A SpatialEntity is then cited as its IRI plus the Gazetteer version, one number per gazetteer rather than one per entity, as PeriodO cites. Once a Gazetteer's plato:gazetteer_status is 'published', its attestations are append-only, and this is normative: an attestation is never deleted or changed. What an attestation says includes its facets and citations (plato:attests_name, attests_geometry, attests_timespan, attests_type, attests_property, attests_identity, plato:has_citation) whether or not they have IRIs of their own: a Name shared under its IRI is not re-spelt once published, since that would change every attestation pointing to it. The SpatialEntities and Authorities that attestations are about or cite are not attestations, and their descriptions may still be corrected and enriched. Every attestation in a published Gazetteer should have a permanent IRI of its own, since a correction or withdrawal must point to its target; this is a recommendation, meant to become a requirement. A correction is a new attestation with a meta-attestation (plato:Supersedes, plato:Contradicts), and a withdrawal is a meta-attestation of type plato:Retracts. Each carries plato:created. The state as of any moment D is then a filter over the data: the attestations created by D, less those superseded or retracted by D. A supersession or retraction takes effect only while it holds itself, so retracting a retraction restores its target, and a chain of them resolves the same way; a cycle is an error in the data. A platform can offer that state on request, by datetime negotiation on the entity's IRI (RFC 7089, Memento); PLATO recommends this but does not require it, since it is behaviour of a server, not of data.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Dataset ^c
is in domain of: contains attestation ^op, contains entity ^op, contains identity relation ^op, declares relation type ^op, member of group ^op, owner ^op, status ^dp
is in range of: candidates for ^op
is disjoint with: Candidate Set ^c

Gazetteer Group^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#GazetteerGroup

A thematic or organisational grouping of Gazetteers (e.g. 'EMEW — Gazetteer of Early Modern England and Wales').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in range of: member of group ^op

Geometry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Geometry

A spatial representation of a SpatialEntity's extent or location. Geometries are independent, reusable entities. The same Geometry may be referenced by multiple Attestations across different SpatialEntities or time periods. Each Geometry is one GeoJSON geometry; a GeometryCollection is not accepted, so a set of different kinds (a point and a polygon) is several Geometry nodes. One attestation may attest several geometries when one source gives them all, each with a plato:geometry_role where they depict different things (a built extent, a label position); a geometry from another source is another attestation, since it has another provenance. See examples/geometry-roles.ttl. A geometry traced from a historical map, and placed in the world through a georeference (a IIIF Georeference Annotation, such as one made in Allmaps), is evidence of what the map shows, so it is attested, not plato:computed. Its position depends on the map, on the annotation, whose control points can be edited after the tracing, and on the transformation fitted to them. So the attestation cites both, and no new property is needed: the map as the evidence (plato:citation_function cito:citesAsEvidence), with the canvas as the plato:locator, and '#xywh=' added when the tracing is from a region of it; and the annotation as a Source of its own, with the annotation's IRI, plato:derived_from the map's Source, cited with cito:usesMethodIn. The transformation (polynomial of order 1 to 3, thin plate spline, projective, Helmert) and the number of control points used go in the attestation's plato:notes, since the annotation may since have changed. A position that is where the map writes a name takes plato:geometry_role plato:LabelAnchor. The position of a map symbol is a plato:RepresentativePoint, unless the map shows the specific feature (a church drawn as such), when it is a plato:FeaturePoint. See schemas/examples/place-centric-georeference.json.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Geometry ^c
is in domain of: bounding box ^dp, convex hull ^op, geometry GeoJSON ^op, geometry WKT ^op, geometry role ^op, precision in kilometres ^dp, relative qualifier ^op, relative to ^op, representative point ^op, source CRS ^dp, spatial precision ^dp
is in range of: attests geometry ^op

Identity Relation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#IdentityRelation

An assertion that two SpatialEntities refer to the same real-world entity. Carries its own provenance (who asserted it, on what basis), certainty (how confident the assertion is), and identity semantics (exactMatch, closeMatch, related). Identity relations are distinct from scholarly entity-to-entity relations, which describe substantive historical relationships between different entities. They are also distinct from Candidates, which are matches suggested by software and are claims by no one; a relation made in answer to one points to it (plato:promoted_from). An IdentityRelation is one attributed claim among many, never a canonical statement of fact. A platform must not materialise identity relations into merged records or minted identifiers, nor let one outweigh contrary evidence by fiat: it is weighed like any other evidence, and someone else may say the opposite (an attestation with plato:negated bundling an exactMatch says two entities are not the same). Identity relations asserted together, as when a person accepts a cluster of matches, are bundled by one Attestation (plato:attests_identity), which carries their shared provenance and is withdrawn or amended as a unit. A consumer may take the transitive closure of exactMatch relations within one such attestation, and must not chain identity relations across different attestations, nor chain closeMatch, related or unspecified ones at all: A the same as B and B the same as C, asserted by different people, is not anyone's assertion that A is C.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in domain of: asserted at ^dp, asserted by ^op, identity basis ^dp, identity certainty ^dp, identity object ^op, identity sourced by ^op, identity subject ^op, identity type ^dp, promoted from ^op
is in range of: attests identity ^op, contains identity relation ^op

Name^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Name

A toponym or appellation for a SpatialEntity. Names are independent, reusable entities. The association between a Name and a SpatialEntity is always mediated by an Attestation, which provides temporal scope and provenance.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in domain of: IPA ^dp, language ^dp, name embedding ^dp, name type ^dp, relative qualifier ^op, relative to ^op, romanized ^dp, script ^dp, toponym ^dp, transliteration system ^dp
is in range of: attests name ^op, relative to ^op

Organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Organization

An organization to which a Contributor is affiliated. This is a lightweight class defined primarily to avoid ambiguity in ontology visualizations. Organizations can be further described using properties from FOAF, schema.org, or other ontologies. Organizations should use persistent identifiers where possible: - ROR (Research Organization Registry): https://ror.org/ - ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier) - Wikidata QIDs

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in range of: affiliation ^op

Period^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Period

A named historical period (e.g. 'Byzantine', 'Early Modern'), optionally linked to PeriodO or defined locally. Includes temporal bounds for period-based querying.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Authority ^c
is in domain of: PeriodO URI ^dp, has timespan ^op, period label ^dp, spatial coverage ^dp
is in range of: relative to ^op

Property Value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#PropertyValue

A quantitative or descriptive attribute of a SpatialEntity, expressed as a property drawn from an external vocabulary together with its value. Covers the many things a historical source says that are neither a name, a location, a period nor a classification — populations, valuations, elevations, recurrence rules for markets and fairs. The property itself is identified by URI rather than enumerated here, so the vocabulary stays open and delegated (Wikidata properties, CIDOC-CRM, project vocabularies), in the same way that Type delegates its classifications to AAT. Values may be literals (with a datatype and optional unit) or structured objects whose shape is declared by plato:value_type. As a facet node, a PropertyValue may carry the qualification properties (certainty, fuzziness) like any other. Where the value is another SpatialEntity, use an entity-to-entity relation instead; this class is for attributes of the entity. A person or organisation connected to it (the grantee of a market right, an owner, a lord of the manor) is such an attribute: the value is the agent's IRI, ideally in an authority such as Wikidata or VIAF, with value_datatype xsd:anyURI, and the property names the role, for example http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/P127 ('owned by'). This asserts nothing false, and needs no agent class: PLATO's own agent classes (Contributor, Organization) describe who recorded the data. A figure from a statistical table (a census count, a toll receipt) is a PropertyValue that is also a qb:Observation of the W3C RDF Data Cube vocabulary. It carries qb:dataSet (the table, a qb:DataSet), one direct statement for each of its coordinates with the table's qb:DimensionProperty predicates, one for each fact about the figure with qb:AttributeProperty predicates (sdmx-attribute:obsStatus for a cell's state), and plato:universe for the figure it is a part or share of. So the county is not said to have 'class 1': the observation is. The measure stays plato:property_type and plato:value_literal, and the area and date stay on the attestation; a cube export adds the direct measure statement, sdmx-dimension:refArea and refPeriod. A printed dash is an observation with an obsStatus and no value, never 0. Money is an exact integer in the smallest unit of its system of account (farthings, for sterling amounts with halfpennies), the unit an IRI from a fitting authority or minted by the encoding project, ideally naming a unit of account in a named system ('penny sterling'); PLATO mints no currency and converts nothing. A coordinate the source does not give is an explicit 'unknown' code. A table mixing measures is one qb:DataSet per measure. Dimension values are concepts, with the source's label as skos:prefLabel, in code lists the encoding project publishes where none exists. A statistical table in spreadsheet form keeps its own CSV on the Web description and links to places by place_id. The design, and its testing on three corpora, is issue #14. A latitude given without a longitude (a source's 'at 9.5 degrees north') is a PropertyValue, not a Geometry, since it is not a location: property http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat, the value in decimal degrees. A longitude alone is the same, with wgs84_pos#long.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

is in domain of: property label ^dp, property type ^dp, structured value ^dp, universe ^op, value ^dp, value datatype ^dp, value type ^dp, value unit ^dp
is in range of: attests property ^op, universe ^op

Relation Type^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#RelationType

A vocabulary entry defining a semantic relationship between SpatialEntities: 'capital_of', 'successor_to', 'connected_by_trade_route_to', etc. Carries a label, an inverse label, and domain/range constraints. This allows the vocabulary of historical relationships to grow without modifying the core ontology.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Authority ^c
is in domain of: broader relation ^op, domain constraint ^dp, inverse label ^dp, range constraint ^dp, relation label ^dp
is in range of: broader relation ^op, declares relation type ^op, has relation type ^op
has members: Begins At ⁿⁱ, Birthplace Of ⁿⁱ, Connected To ⁿⁱ, Contained In ⁿⁱ, Deathplace Of ⁿⁱ, Depicted In ⁿⁱ, Ends At ⁿⁱ, Findspot Of ⁿⁱ, Has End ⁿⁱ, Homeland Of ⁿⁱ, Leads To ⁿⁱ, Member Of ⁿⁱ, Residence Of ⁿⁱ, Setting Of ⁿⁱ, Subject Of ⁿⁱ, Workplace Of ⁿⁱ

Source^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Source

A citable source of evidence: a manuscript, chronicle, tax record, map, scholarly article, or other document. Sources are the primary provenance anchor for attestations. A Source may reference its parent Dataset via plato:partOf. A Source's licence, that of the edition or copy cited, is given with dcterms:license, as a Gazetteer's is. A project that admits evidence by its licence (citing a share-alike source as a witness but never copying it, say) needs the licence on the thing cited, so that it travels with the data.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Authority ^c
is in domain of: derived from ^op, part of ^op, source timespan ^op
is in range of: derived from ^op

Spatial Entity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#SpatialEntity

An entity whose identity is bound up with space, whether its spatial extent is attested directly, applies notionally (as with the region to which a period applies), or is derived from its constituents (as with a route or a network, whose extent is that of its members). A SpatialEntity need not have any attested geometry: lost, imagined and unlocated entities are admissible. A curated selection of other places, such as a thematic collection, is not a SpatialEntity: it is a Gazetteer, whose attestations are about the places it selects. What kind of entity it is (settlement, route, region, administrative unit and so on) is not fixed by the class. It is established by Type attestations, so a classification is a claim rather than an axiom. SpatialEntities are not defined by any single attestation. They are the point of convergence for many attestations from different sources, periods and contributors. PLATO defines no Place class and gives "place" no prescribed meaning. Many SpatialEntities are what people would call places and some are not, and the word is used differently across languages and disciplines. The ontology therefore neither equates a SpatialEntity with a place nor defines a place in terms of SpatialEntities or their attestations. Where the word appears in this document it is used in its ordinary sense.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Entity ^c
is in domain of: country codes ^dp, identifier ^dp, namespace ^dp
is in range of: attests about ^op, candidate entity ^op, contains entity ^op, identity object ^op, identity subject ^op, relative to ^op, source entity ^op

Timespan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Timespan

A temporal interval with start and end bounds. Timespans are independent, reusable entities that may be shared across multiple Attestations. Precision and uncertainty are expressed through the start and end bound properties. Aligned with W3C Time Ontology and compatible with PeriodO period definitions.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Proper Interval ^c
is in domain of: EDTF string ^dp, PeriodO URI ^dp, duration ^dp, end earliest ^dp, end latest ^dp, end precision ^dp, open end ^dp, open start ^dp, precision value ^dp, relative qualifier ^op, relative to ^op, start earliest ^dp, start latest ^dp, start precision ^dp, timespan label ^dp
is in range of: attests timespan ^op, has timespan ^op, relative to ^op, source timespan ^op

Type^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Type

A classification or category for a SpatialEntity, typically drawn from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), as one dataset uses it. A Type node stands for that usage and may be reused within its dataset. Its IRI, if it has one, is the dataset's own, or it is a blank node: never the vocabulary concept's IRI, which goes in plato:type_identifier. Otherwise every dataset's label, source wording and plato:scheme_version would merge onto the concept in any combined graph.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has super-classes: Concept ^c
is in domain of: relative qualifier ^op, relative to ^op, scheme version ^dp, type identifier ^dp, type label ^dp
is in range of: attests type ^op, relative to ^op

Object Properties

affiliation
asserted by
attests about
attests geometry
attests identity
attests name
attests property
attests timespan
attests type
attribution status
broader relation
candidate entity
candidates for
certainty level
citation function
cites
contains attestation
contains candidate
contains entity
contains identity relation
contributed by
convex hull
declares relation type
derived from
form status
geometry GeoJSON
geometry role
geometry WKT
has citation
has relation type
has timespan
identity object
identity sourced by
identity subject
member of group
meta-attestation about
meta-attestation type
occurrence context
owner
part of
promoted from
relates to
relative qualifier
relative to
representative point
source entity
source stance
source timespan
sourced by
timespan role
transcription accuracy
transcription completeness
universe

affiliation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_affiliation

Organizational affiliation of the contributor. Links to a plato:Organization entity, which can be further described using FOAF, schema.org, or other ontology properties. Organizations should ideally use persistent identifiers (ROR, ISNI, etc.). For simple cases, use contributor_affiliation_string for free-text affiliation names.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: Organization ^c

asserted by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_asserted_by

The agent who made or confirmed this identity assertion.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: Contributor ^c

attests about^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_about

Links an Attestation to the SpatialEntity it is about. Every attestation must have exactly one subject entity. This is the primary entity being described by the bundled name, geometry, timespan, and type assertions. Functional property: each attestation has exactly one subject entity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has characteristics: functional

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

attests geometry^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_geometry

Links an Attestation to a Geometry it asserts for the SpatialEntity. An attestation may assert multiple geometries (e.g., point and polygon) or no geometry at all (e.g., name-only attestations from textual sources).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Geometry ^c

attests identity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_identity

Links an Attestation to an IdentityRelation it asserts, so that identity relations asserted in one act share its provenance: accepting a cluster of n records is one attestation bundling the n-1 exactMatch relations of the matches actually made, with the person, the time and the cluster's definition as its source. Retracting or superseding the attestation withdraws or amends them together. With plato:negated, bundling one exactMatch relation, it says the two entities are not the same. Closure may be taken within one such attestation only (see plato:IdentityRelation). An IdentityRelation's own identity_asserted_by and identity_sourced_by remain for one asserted on its own.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Identity Relation ^c

attests name^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_name

Links an Attestation to a Name it asserts for the SpatialEntity. An attestation may assert multiple names (e.g., primary name and variants) or no name at all (e.g., geometry-only attestations).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Name ^c

attests property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_property

Links an Attestation to a PropertyValue it asserts of the SpatialEntity — a population, a valuation, an elevation, a market's trading day. An attestation may assert several properties or none. These are among the commonest things a source says about an entity, and they carry exactly the provenance and temporal scoping the attestation pattern exists to handle: a population figure is a claim, by a named source, about one SpatialEntity, over a Timespan, with a certainty. The attestation's own timespans scope the property as they scope every other facet in the bundle.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Property Value ^c

attests timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_timespan

Links an Attestation to the Timespan during which the attested properties (name, geometry, type) were applicable. Distinct from the attestation's creation date: this is the historical timespan being asserted, not when the assertion was made. It is no wider than the source can witness: a source that shows a name in use only in its own day (a letter, a survey, a gazetteer consulted now) supports a timespan of that day, so the attested timespan then coincides with the source's own date (plato:source_timespan), while remaining the claim's. Unless plato:timespan_role says otherwise (plato:EvidenceSpan, the span of the evidence), the timespan dates what the attestation records.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Timespan ^c

attests type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attests_type

Links an Attestation to a Type classification it assigns to the SpatialEntity. An attestation may assert multiple types or no type at all.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Type ^c

attribution status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#attribution_status

Whether the attribution of the evidence to the cited source was stated by the source or resolved editorially. Should point to a concept in a SKOS concept scheme. The starter concepts are: - plato:AttributionStated: the source is named where the form occurs. The default, and usually omitted. - plato:AttributionInferred: the source was given as 'ibidem' or 'idem' and resolved by an editor, so the attribution is inferred rather than stated. Not marginal: about one attestation in twenty in the English Place-Name Society corpus. A statement about the citation, not about the form, which is why it lives here and not in plato:occurrence_context.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Citation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

broader relation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#broader_relation

The more general RelationType of which this one is a narrower case: a project's 'flows into' has broader_relation plato:LeadsTo, so any attestation of the one is also, for a consumer that follows this link, an attestation of the other. A narrower type keeps the direction of its broader one. Transitive in use: a consumer should follow the chain to the starter type it knows.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Relation Type ^c
has range: Relation Type ^c

candidate entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#candidate_candidate

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

candidates for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#candidates_for

Links a CandidateSet to the Gazetteer whose SpatialEntities matches were sought for: the dataset its Candidates' sources normally belong to, and whose identity relations answer them. A dataset may name its candidate sets from its own side (in JSON, the gazetteer's candidateSets, which maps to the reverse of this property); no inverse property is defined, and both ends should agree.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate Set ^c
has range: Gazetteer ^c

certainty level^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#certainty_level

Certainty as a word rather than a number: a CertaintyLevel, such as plato:Certain, plato:LessCertain or plato:Uncertain (the three of Linked Places Format), or one a project declares. Use it when certainty is stated in words, by a dataset or on a project's own scale, rather than inventing a number for plato:certainty; the two may also be given together. It is the same confidence as plato:certainty, the contributor's or editor's, not the source's: a source that hedges or reports is recorded with plato:source_stance. Like plato:certainty it has no rdfs:domain, so it can qualify an Attestation or any facet node.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: Certainty Level ^c

citation function^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#citation_function

Why the source is cited: as the evidence for the attestation, as a source of its data, as related reading, and so on. The value is a property of CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology (http://purl.org/spar/cito/): cito:citesAsEvidence, cito:citesAsDataSource, cito:citesAsRelated, cito:citesForInformation, cito:citesAsRecommendedReading, or another of the properties below cito:cites. Only CiTO properties are used, so that every consumer reads the same function the same way; a project whose own vocabulary has other terms maps them to CiTO when it organises its data. Without it, 'this source is the evidence' and 'see this source for more' are the same link, which is the distinction an attestation model exists to make: 143,418 of Pleiades' 244,759 references are 'see further', and only 21,652 are cited as evidence. Absent, the function is unstated, as before; a consumer should not assume evidence. Only a property CiTO defines is a valid value. An IRI in the CiTO namespace is not enough: Pleiades writes cito:seeFurther and cito:seeAlso, which CiTO does not define, so the JSON Schema and the tables list the accepted properties exactly.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Citation ^c
has range: Property ^c

cites^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#cites

The Authority (a Source or a Dataset) this Citation uses. Exactly one per Citation: an attestation resting on two sources has two Citations.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has characteristics: functional

has domain: Citation ^c
has range: Authority ^c

contains attestation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contains_attestation

Links a Gazetteer to an Attestation contributed within it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Attestation ^c

contains candidate^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contains_candidate

Links a CandidateSet to a Candidate it publishes. The candidate set profile carries these in its top-level candidates array, and this is the property that array maps to.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate Set ^c
has range: Candidate ^c

contains entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contains_entity

Links a Gazetteer to a SpatialEntity it defines. A SpatialEntity defined elsewhere that this Gazetteer only attests evidence about is not contained in it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

contains identity relation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contains_identity_relation

Links a Gazetteer to an IdentityRelation asserted within it. The submission profiles carry identity relations at the top level of a document, beside the entities and attestations, and this is the property that top level maps to.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Identity Relation ^c

contributed by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributed_by

The agent (person, team, or process) who created this attestation. Semantically equivalent to PROV-O's prov:wasAttributedTo for provenance tracking. We don't use formal rdfs:subPropertyOf to avoid importing PROV-O's domain/range constraints. Distinct from sourced_by, which indicates the historical source being cited.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Contributor ^c

convex hull^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#hull

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: wkt Literal ^c
is also defined as: data property

declares relation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#declares_relation_type

Links a Gazetteer to a RelationType it declares for its own use: a project's 'flows into', with its label, inverse label and the starter type it narrows (plato:broader_relation). The JSON profiles carry these in a document-level relationTypes array, beside dataSets. A relation type PLATO declares needs no declaration here.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Relation Type ^c

derived from^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#derived_from

This Source is a copy, transcript, edition, calendar or confirmation of that one, or a work made from it. A later cartulary copy of a charter, an inspeximus, or a printed edition of a manuscript is a Source of its own, with its own source_timespan, derived_from the document it transmits. An attestation should cite the Source it was actually read in; the chain of derived_from links records what that Source transmits. A work made from a source, which transmits none of it as evidence, is derived_from it too: a count a project takes from a register (see plato:computed), or the georeference of a map (see plato:Geometry). How it is cited says which it is: a copy is cited as the evidence, a georeference as the method used. The kind of derivation (copy, edition, calendar, inspeximus, analysis) is not yet distinguished; a sub-property or a small vocabulary can be added when a project needs it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Source ^c
has range: Source ^c

form status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#form_status

The status of the name form this attestation contributes: read in the cited source, chosen by the cited authority, or derived by the contributing project. Should point to a concept in a SKOS concept scheme. The starter concepts are: - plato:Attested: a form read in the cited source. The default, and usually omitted. - plato:Headword: the editorial or preferred form under which the cited authority files the entry ('Bunsty Hundred'). A scholarly decision rather than a reading, and typically the form users search for. Another authority may choose differently, which is why it is a sourced attestation and not a label on the SpatialEntity. - plato:Normalised: a form derived from an attested one for matching or search ('Bunstow(e)' resolved to 'Bunstowe'), attested by no source and carrying no independent evidential value. It may point to the attestation it was derived from through a meta-attestation. - plato:Reconstructed: a form inferred but not attested, the philologists' asterisked form. - plato:Preferred: the form the contributing project prefers for display and search ('Ranny (Fort)'). A project decision, so the cited source may show a different form. - plato:Editorial: a form written by the editors of the cited edition in their own words, in its commentary, apparatus or notes, and not in the text they edit. Without it, a name converted from an editor's note would read as the source's own: Attested is the default. Unlike a Headword, it is not the form an entry is filed under but a mention, and it says nothing about whether the name is attested elsewhere. A different axis from plato:name_type, which classifies what the name denotes: a headword is still a toponym. It sits on the Attestation, not on the Name, because the same string can be a reading in one attestation and a headword in another. The WHG ingestion prototype reached the same placement independently: its preferred-name flag is on the attestation, not on the toponym record.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

geometry GeoJSON^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#geo_json

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: J S O N ^c
is also defined as: data property

geometry role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#geometry_role

What this geometry depicts, as distinct from how precisely it is known (plato:spatial_precision) or where its indexing point falls (plato:repr_point). A SpatialEntity may be attested with several geometries at once — a built extent, the location of a specific central feature, a proxy standing in for the whole, the anchor of a map label — and without a declared role a consumer cannot tell them apart, nor state which one an analysis used. Should point to a concept in a SKOS concept scheme (e.g. plato:Extent, plato:FeaturePoint, plato:RepresentativePoint, plato:LabelAnchor, plato:Itinerary). Using URIs rather than free text lets gazetteers that record geometry differently be compared. Note that role is orthogonal to precision: a proxy locator may be surveyed to the metre and still not depict the SpatialEntity it stands for. A parish church's coordinates contributed as a locator for a town are a representative point of high precision, not an imprecise feature point.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: Concept ^c

geometry WKT^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#geo_wkt

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: wkt Literal ^c
is also defined as: data property

has citation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#has_citation

Links an Attestation to a Citation: its qualified use of one Authority, with a locator and an attribution status. An attestation may have several, one per source it rests on.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Citation ^c

has relation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#has_relation_type

Specifies the semantic type of a entity-to-entity relationship attested by an Attestation. References a RelationType authority which defines the relationship's label, inverse, and domain/range constraints. Examples: 'capital_of', 'successor_to', 'connected_by_trade_route_to'. The extensible vocabulary pattern allows new relationship types to be added as Authority records without modifying the ontology.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Relation Type ^c

has timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#has_timespan

Links a Period authority to its temporal extent, represented as a Timespan node. Used for locally-defined periods or when more detailed temporal modeling is needed than provided by external period definitions.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Period ^c
has range: Timespan ^c

identity object^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_object

The second SpatialEntity in an identity assertion. Often a record in another authority, such as a GeoNames feature or a Wikidata item, which this range makes a SpatialEntity. That is intended: in PLATO an authority record is a SpatialEntity like any other, identified by its own URI, with its origin recorded in plato:namespace.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

identity sourced by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_sourced_by

The Authority (Source or Dataset) that provides evidence for this identity assertion, if any.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: Authority ^c

identity subject^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_subject

The first SpatialEntity in an identity assertion.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

member of group^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#member_of_group

Links a Gazetteer to a GazetteerGroup.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Gazetteer Group ^c

meta-attestation about^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#meta_attestation_about

Links a meta-Attestation to the Attestation it comments on or relates to. Used with plato:has_meta_type to specify the nature of the relationship. A meta-attestation need not carry plato:attests_about: it is about its target, and through it about the target's SpatialEntity. Where it does carry one (as when nested under a place in place-centric JSON), that should be the target's. Example: A meta-attestation might assert that one source's geometry attestation contradicts another source's geometry attestation for the same SpatialEntity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Attestation ^c

meta-attestation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#has_meta_type

The nature of a meta-attestation's relationship to its target attestation. Should reference a controlled vocabulary concept defining the relationship type. The starter concepts, declared in this ontology's MetaTypeScheme: - plato:Contradicts: asserts the target attestation is incorrect - plato:Supports: provides additional evidence for the target attestation - plato:Supersedes: replaces the target attestation with newer information - plato:Refines: provides more precise information than the target - plato:Challenges: questions the target attestation's validity - plato:Bundles: groups the target with other related attestations - plato:DerivedFrom: this attestation's value was derived from the target's (a normalised search form from an attested spelling) - plato:Annotates: adds a remark about the target, with its own source, without supporting, contradicting or refining it; the remark is the meta-attestation's notes - plato:AlternativeTo: this attestation and the target are alternative readings of the same evidence, at most one of them right - plato:Retracts: the target attestation is withdrawn by the Gazetteer that made it, and kept only so that earlier states can be reproduced Using SKOS concepts rather than strings enables vocabulary management and multilingual labels.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

occurrence context^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#occurrence_context

The capacity in which the attested form occurs in the source. Should point to a concept in a SKOS concept scheme. The starter concepts are: - plato:Direct: the form refers to the SpatialEntity directly. The default, and usually omitted. - plato:InPersonalName: the form occurs only as an element of a personal name, a surname or by-name such as 'Willelmus de Bonestou'. This is the '(p)' of the place-name surveys, and it is weaker evidence for the name's currency, and for the entity's existence, than a direct attestation. Nothing else in the record distinguishes Bonestou the hundred from de Bonestou the man. - plato:InFieldName: the form survives only as an element of a later minor name, such as a field name. The editorially resolved 'ibidem' of the surveys is not an occurrence context. It is a statement about the citation, and belongs on the Citation as plato:attribution_status. Not a certainty. A '(p)' attestation may be entirely certain as an attestation; what differs is the kind of evidence it constitutes, and folding that into a lower plato:certainty would discard the reason.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

owner^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#gazetteer_owner

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: Contributor ^c

part of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#partOf

Links a Source to its parent Dataset.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Source ^c
has range: Dataset ^c

promoted from^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#promoted_from

Links an IdentityRelation to the Candidate it was made in response to, preserving the algorithmic provenance. The answer may be yes or no: a relation bundled by an Attestation marked plato:negated may point at the Candidate it denies, as one in an accepting Attestation points at the Candidate it accepts, so that a rejection is recorded, attributed and dated like an acceptance. Its subject and object should be the Candidate's source and candidate, in either order. Several relations, in different attestations, may point at one Candidate (it was accepted, withdrawn and accepted again, or two reviewers answered it); none of them changes it. The Candidate is published in a CandidateSet, which should be published wherever the dataset citing it is; a validator that has the set should warn when promoted_from names no Candidate in it. Optional: identity relations can also be asserted directly, without a prior Candidate.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: Candidate ^c

relates to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relates_to

Links an Attestation to the second entity of a relationship between the Attestation's subject entity (via attests_about) and this target. The semantic nature of the relationship is specified by plato:has_relation_type, which references a RelationType authority. Example: An attestation about Constantinople that relates_to the Byzantine Empire with relation_type "capital_of" asserts that "Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire". The target is usually another SpatialEntity in the same dataset. It may instead be an entity that is not spatial and is described elsewhere: a person, an object or an event, identified by its IRI (an attestation about Lumbini that relates_to the Buddha, with plato:BirthplaceOf). There is deliberately no rdfs:range, so such a target is not inferred to be a SpatialEntity. Give an external target a plato:related_label. Platforms should show relations to entities that are not spatial apart from spatial ones, and leave them out of containment, clustering and matching. A source sometimes names the target without anything to point at: "in the Delta", "in the territory of the Agrianes". The attestation then has plato:has_relation_type and plato:related_label, and no relates_to, which says exactly what the source says. A unit that recurs and can be listed (the provinces or nomes of a gazetteer, each named in thousands of records) is better minted as a SpatialEntity of the dataset, with a name attested from the source, so that the places in it can be joined; a name alone suits a one-off. A consumer cannot join on a name, and should show it as written.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c

relative qualifier^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relative_qualifier

A controlled-vocabulary term describing the relative relationship when bearing and distance are not applicable or not sufficient. Should point to a concept in a SKOS concept scheme (e.g. plato:Near, plato:Within, plato:Beyond, plato:UpstreamOf, plato:BetweenXAndY, plato:DuringReignOf, plato:VariantOf). Using URIs rather than free text enables machine reconciliation across gazetteers that describe relativity differently.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c or Name ^c or Timespan ^c or Type ^c
has range: Concept ^c

relative to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relative_to

Links a facet node to its anchor entity, indicating that this facet is defined relationally rather than absolutely. The anchor is typically a SpatialEntity, Period, or another facet (Name, Timespan, etc.). Common patterns: - Spatial relativity: "20km east of Nanjing" (anchor is a SpatialEntity) - Temporal relativity: "during the reign of Justinian" (anchor is a Period) - Name relativity: "also known as Rome" (anchor is another Name) A facet may have more than one anchor where its qualifier needs them: "between the 5th cataract and Meroe" is plato:BetweenXAndY with exactly two values of relative_to, in no particular order. A bearing or a distance (plato:relative_bearing, plato:relative_distance) is measured from one point, so a facet that has either has exactly one anchor. A location given relative to several places at once ("in the territory of Theadelpheia, Euhemeria and Philoteris") is several attestations, a containment or a nearness for each place, not one facet with many anchors.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c or Name ^c or Timespan ^c or Type ^c
has range: Name ^c or Period ^c or Spatial Entity ^c or Timespan ^c or Type ^c

representative point^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#repr_point

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: wkt Literal ^c
is also defined as: data property

source entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#candidate_source

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: Spatial Entity ^c

source stance^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#source_stance

How firmly the source itself asserts what this attestation bundles: a concept in plato:SourceStanceScheme, plato:StanceAsserted (the default, usually omitted), plato:StanceReported, plato:StanceTentative or plato:StanceDoubted, or one a project declares. It records the source, not whoever encodes it: plato:certainty and plato:certainty_level are the contributor's or editor's confidence, and an editor may be quite certain that a source hedged. Nor is it plato:attribution_status, which says whether the source is named where the evidence occurs. Doubt is not denial. A source that raises a thing and declines to settle it is plato:StanceDoubted; one that says it is not so is plato:negated. A source that passes on a claim and names whom it reports can have that work cited as well. It qualifies the attestation as a whole, as plato:negated does, so bundle one facet per attestation where the source's stance differs between facets. A consumer that cannot express a stance reads the attestation as asserted, which overstates the source but does not invert it. So, unlike plato:negated, no consumer is required to leave it out, but a converter should report the loss.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

source timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#source_timespan

When this Source, as a document, was produced: the date of the manuscript, the compilation of the cartulary, the publication of the edition. Distinct from the Timespan an attestation asserts, which dates the claim rather than the witness. An annal for 921 read in a manuscript written c. 925 has an attested timespan of 921 and a source timespan of c. 925. Reuses Timespan, so an approximate date is start_earliest 915, end_latest 935, timespan_label 'c. 925'. The same move as plato:has_timespan on a Period.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Source ^c
has range: Timespan ^c

sourced by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#sourced_by

Links an Attestation to the Authority (typically a Source or Dataset) that grounds it. This provides the provenance chain for the attestation. Semantically equivalent to PROV-O's prov:wasDerivedFrom, indicating the authority is the origin of the attested knowledge. We don't use formal rdfs:subPropertyOf to avoid importing PROV-O's domain/range constraints which conflict with PLATO's class structure. This is the direct form. Where the citation itself has something to say (a page or folio, an attribution resolved from 'ibidem'), use plato:has_citation to a Citation node that cites the Authority. sourced_by is declared as the property chain has_citation o cites, so a reasoner derives it from a Citation; data intended for consumers without a reasoner should assert it directly as well.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Authority ^c
has sub-property chains: has citation ^op o cites ^op

timespan role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#timespan_role

What this attestation's timespans date: a concept in plato:TimespanRoleScheme. plato:WhenTrue, the default and usually omitted, is the period during which what the attestation bundles held, according to the source (see plato:attests_timespan). plato:EvidenceSpan is the span of the evidence: the dates of the earliest and latest documents that mention the entity, as many gazetteers date a place (Trismegistos Places, for one). It does not say that the entity existed, or bore any name, throughout. It is on the attestation, not the Timespan, because a Timespan is a reusable node that other attestations may share, and the role of a date belongs to the claim that uses it. An attestation window is one attestation about the place that carries the timespan and nothing else, with this role; it is never repeated on each name. Where the attestations of the evidence are themselves in the data, the window can be worked out from their dates, and is then plato:computed. A consumer that cannot express an EvidenceSpan must report it as a loss, and must not show the window as the dates of the place.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: Concept ^c

transcription accuracy^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#transcription_accuracy

How faithfully a transcribed value (a name form, most often) renders what the source shows: a concept in plato:TranscriptionAccuracyScheme, plato:TranscriptionAccurate, plato:TranscriptionInaccurate or plato:TranscriptionFalse. It judges the reading, not the source and not the identification: plato:form_status says how a form came to be, and plato:certainty how sure anyone is of the attestation, and neither says how well the form was read. Pleiades records it for every name. Like the other qualification properties it has no rdfs:domain, so a transcribed coordinate or date can be judged the same way.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: Concept ^c

transcription completeness^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#transcription_completeness

Whether a transcribed value is whole: a concept in plato:TranscriptionCompletenessScheme, plato:TranscriptionComplete, plato:TranscriptionReconstructable (part is lost but can be supplied with confidence) or plato:TranscriptionNonReconstructable (part is lost and cannot be supplied). A different axis from accuracy: a damaged form can be accurately read as far as it goes. No rdfs:domain, as for accuracy.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: Concept ^c

universe^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#universe

The figure this figure is a part or share of: its denominator, where the source defines one. Asserted only from the source, never inferred from labels or sums: in Vision of Ireland three of seven plausible denominators by name are wrong. The occupied beside the total of the same row, or Vision of Ireland's Total Population cube as the universe of the others for the same unit and year. RDF Data Cube has no such property, and without it which number is the denominator of which is lost, unrecoverably once the table is gone.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: Property Value ^c

Data Properties

affiliation (string)
algorithm version
asserted at
authority URI
bearing
bibliographic string
bounding box
certainty
certainty note
computed
contributor identifier
contributor name
contributor role
contributor URL
country codes
created
distance
domain constraint
duration
EDTF string
email
end earliest
end latest
end precision
fuzziness
fuzziness note
generated at
geometry WKT
identifier
identity basis
identity certainty
identity type
inverse label
IPA
language
licence
locator
match parameters
modified
name embedding
name type
namespace
negated
notes
occurrence count
open end
open start
ORCID
period label
PeriodO URI
PeriodO URI
precision in kilometres
precision value
property label
property type
publisher
range constraint
related label
relation label
romanized
scheme version
script
sequence
similarity score
source CRS
source label
spatial coverage
spatial precision
start earliest
start latest
start precision
status
status
structured value
timespan label
title
toponym
transliteration system
type identifier
type label
value
value datatype
value type
value unit
version

affiliation (string)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_affiliation_string

Free-text organizational affiliation when a structured Organization entity is not available. Example: "University of Pittsburgh, Institute for Spatial History Innovation"

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

algorithm version^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#algorithm_version

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: string

asserted at^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_asserted_at

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: date Time

authority URI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#authority_uri

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Authority ^c
has range: any U R I

bearing^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relative_bearing

Compass bearing from the anchor, in degrees (0–360). Primarily used for relative geometries: '90' means east of the anchor. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Only on a facet with exactly one anchor (see plato:relative_to). Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 360 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

bibliographic string^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#bibliographic_string

A formatted citation string for this source or other authority. The domain is Authority, not Source, because any authority can be cited formally, a dataset as much as a document. Restricting it to Source made a cited Dataset a Source as well, which the disjoint union of Authority forbids.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Authority ^c
has range: string

bounding box^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#bbox

Bounding box as array: [min_lon, min_lat, max_lon, max_lat]. Enables fast spatial filtering. Format: comma-separated string or JSON array depending on serialization context.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: string

certainty^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#certainty

Epistemic certainty, from 0.0 (completely uncertain) to 1.0 (completely certain). On an Attestation it is the contributor's confidence in the bundle as a whole. On a facet node (Name, Geometry, Timespan, Type, PropertyValue) it is the confidence in that value alone, and may differ from the attestation's overall certainty. Certainty reflects the limits of evidence: better evidence could in principle raise it. Distinct from fuzziness (the referent has no sharp boundary) and from spatial_precision (how finely a location is specified). No rdfs:domain, so it can qualify any node. It is never the source's own confidence: how firmly a source asserts what it says (hedging, hearsay, doubt) is plato:source_stance. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 1 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

certainty note^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#certainty_note

Free-text explanation of the certainty assessment: quality of evidence, degree of scholarly consensus, reliability of source (e.g. 'manuscript partially illegible', 'coordinates extrapolated from itinerary distances'). Applies wherever certainty does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: string

computed^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#computed

True when this value, or this whole attestation, was worked out by software from other data rather than taken from a source: an itinerary's timespan from the timespans of its stops, a route's geometry from its stations. A computed value is not evidence. A consumer may show it, but must not take it in as an attestation of its own: it should compute the value again from the members, or leave it out and say so. Absent or false, a value is attested. It is for a value derived from other statements in the same data, which any consumer holding them could derive again. A figure a project works out from its own source material and publishes as a finding (letters counted from a register, a median taken over them) is not computed in this sense: it is attested, citing the work that produced it as a Source or Dataset derived_from the material it was worked out from. Nor is a geometry traced from a map and placed through a georeference: software fits the transformation, but the geometry is evidence of what the map shows (see plato:Geometry). It is not plato:form_status Normalised (a name form an editor derived from an attested one), nor a Candidate (a match an algorithm suggests). Like the qualification properties it has no rdfs:domain, so it can mark an Attestation or any facet node.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: boolean

contributor identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_identifier

Additional persistent identifier for the contributor. Can be used for identifiers other than ORCID, such as: - ISNI (International Standard Name Identifier) - VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) - Wikidata QID (for persons or organizations) - Internal system identifiers When using this property, specify the identifier type in the value (e.g., "ISNI:0000000121032683" or "VIAF:12345678").

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

contributor name^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_name

The name of the contributor (person, team, or automated process). For persons, should be the full name as preferred by the contributor. For teams, the team name. For automated processes, a descriptive name.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

contributor role^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_role

Role of the contributor in the project or gazetteer. Examples: 'principal_investigator', 'data_curator', 'student_researcher', 'automated_process', 'external_contributor'. Helps understand the context and authority of contributions.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

contributor URL^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_url

Website or profile URL for the contributor (personal website, institutional page, project page, GitHub profile, etc.). Provides additional context about the contributor's work and identity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: any U R I

country codes^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#ccodes

ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes of the modern countries whose territory contains or overlaps this SpatialEntity, as in Linked Places Format. A finding aid for search and matching, like a label: not evidence, and not a claim about the past, so it needs no source. Where a country is itself the subject of a historical claim ("this town lay in the Kingdom of Aragon"), record it as a relation attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Spatial Entity ^c
has range: string

created^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#created

Timestamp when this attestation was created. This is the contribution date, not the historical timespan being attested (use attests_timespan for that). In a published Gazetteer it is the time axis along which an earlier state is recomputed, so every attestation and meta-attestation there should carry it. Semantically equivalent to PROV-O's prov:generatedAtTime. We don't use formal rdfs:subPropertyOf to avoid importing PROV-O constraints.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: date Time

distance^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relative_distance

Distance from the anchor, in metres. Primarily used for relative geometries. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Only on a facet with exactly one anchor (see plato:relative_to). Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, zero or more (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

domain constraint^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relation_domain

Valid subject type for this relation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Relation Type ^c
has range: string

duration^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#duration

How long the timespan lasted, as an xsd:duration ('P42D' for six weeks, 'P1D' for a day), where the source states a length: a stay at a stop on an itinerary, a siege, a fair. It may stand alone, when the source gives a length and no dates, or beside the bounds, which it does not replace. xsd:duration has no weeks, so weeks are written as days; the source's own words ('staid 6 weekes') are plato:source_label on the same timespan.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: duration

EDTF string^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#edtf_string

Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) representation of this timespan. Provides standardized string encoding for interchange with systems using EDTF. Optional but recommended for interoperability with library and archival systems. Example: '1453-05-29/1453-05-29' or '1450~/1453~' for approximate dates.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: string

email^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_email

Contact email address for the contributor. Useful for collaboration and correspondence about contributed data.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

end earliest^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#end_earliest

The earliest possible end date for this timespan. Together with end_latest, defines the uncertainty range for when the interval ended. May be null for unknown or deliberately open-end intervals.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: Literal

end latest^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#end_latest

The latest possible end date for this timespan. For certain dates, this equals end_earliest. For uncertain dates, defines the end of the uncertainty range for when the interval ended.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: Literal

end precision^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#end_precision

Temporal granularity of the end bound. Values: 'day', 'month', 'year', 'decade', 'century', 'era', 'geological_period'.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: string

fuzziness^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#fuzziness

Ontological fuzziness: a measure of how inherently vague or indeterminate the facet's referent is, from 0.0 (crisp, sharply bounded) to 1.0 (maximally vague). Distinct from certainty: fuzziness is a property of the thing itself, not of our knowledge of it. A regional boundary that was never precisely defined has high fuzziness regardless of how much evidence we have. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 1 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

fuzziness note^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#fuzziness_note

Free-text explanation of the nature of ontological fuzziness (e.g. 'regional boundary was never formally demarcated', 'name used inconsistently across contemporary sources', 'transition was gradual rather than a discrete event').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: string

generated at^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#generated_at

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: date Time

geometry WKT^op back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#geo_wkt

has super-properties: as W K T ^dp
is also defined as: object property

identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#entity_identifier

An identifier for this SpatialEntity other than its IRI: the contributing project's own record id ('GLOB_366') or an authority's ('geonames:2654675'), with plato:namespace saying whose. A finding aid, like a label: not a claim about the place.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Spatial Entity ^c
has range: string

identity basis^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_basis

Free-text explanation of the evidence or reasoning supporting this identity assertion (e.g. 'coordinates within 500m and name forms are cognate', 'identified by contributor during reconciliation review', 'confirmed via TGN cross-reference').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: string

identity certainty^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_certainty

Confidence in the identity assertion, from 0.0 to 1.0. This is the epistemic certainty of the asserter, distinct from identity_type which describes the semantic nature of the relationship. A closeMatch can have high certainty ('I'm confident these are close but not exact') and an exactMatch can have low certainty ('I think they're identical but I'm not sure'). Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 1 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c

identity type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#identity_type

The semantic strength of the identity assertion: 'exactMatch' — the two SpatialEntities are unambiguously the same entity. 'closeMatch' — the two SpatialEntities are believed to be the same entity but with some residual ambiguity (e.g. differing granularity, overlapping but not identical scope). 'related' — the two SpatialEntities are closely associated but may not be strictly identical (e.g. a settlement and its administrative district, or successive phases of a site that might or might not constitute continuity). 'unspecified' — the source links the two but does not say how strongly; honest where the alternative is to guess a strength.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Identity Relation ^c
has range: string

inverse label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#inverse_label

Inverse label (e.g. 'has_capital').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Relation Type ^c
has range: string

IPA^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#ipa

International Phonetic Alphabet representation of the name's pronunciation. Enables phonetic search and comparison across scripts and languages.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

language^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#language

BCP 47 language tag for this name (e.g., 'ar' for Arabic, 'zh-Hans' for Simplified Chinese). Recommended: use ISO 639-3 three-letter codes within BCP 47 for better granularity (e.g., 'ara', 'cmn').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

licence^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#licence

Deprecated: use dcterms:license. It could be given only to a Dataset, it had no route in PLATO JSON, and it was a literal where a Gazetteer's dcterms:license points at the licence itself. So the licence of a cited source had no way into the data. dcterms:license has no domain, so it serves every Authority and the Gazetteer alike, and says nothing about what kind of thing is licensed. Kept for one release under the deprecation policy.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

Is deprecated: true

has domain: Dataset ^c
has range: any U R I

locator^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#locator

Where in the cited work the evidence sits: 'p. 412', 'f. 12v', 'Table VI, col. 3, row 88', 's.v. Athlone', 'no. xix'. An uninterpreted string, deliberately: sources locate themselves inconsistently, and normalising the value would destroy exactly the information it is there to carry. The same position and shape as PeriodO's source locator. A property of this citation, not of the source: one Source for a printed gazetteer, a different locator on each attestation drawn from it. Not to be confused with the spatial sense of 'locator' in the plato:geometry_role comment, a proxy point standing in for an entity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Citation ^c
has range: string

match parameters^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#match_parameters

The settings that produced the Candidate's score, as text (JSON suggested, written in the JSON Canonicalization Scheme (RFC 8785), so that the same settings are always the same text, since the text is hashed into the Candidate's IRI): a threshold, the weights given to name, place and type, the reference sources searched. With plato:algorithm_version it lets a score be reproduced or explained. Optional; its form is the software's own, since it describes a run of that software rather than making a claim about places.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: string

modified^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#modified

Timestamp when this attestation was last modified, while its Gazetteer is still a draft. Once the Gazetteer is published its attestations are append-only (see plato:Gazetteer): a published attestation is not modified, and a change is a new attestation with a meta-attestation, so that the state at any earlier moment can be recomputed and every citation of it reproduces.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: date Time

name embedding^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#name_embedding

Vector embedding for phonetic similarity search: a vector generated from the name's phonetic form, enabling fuzzy matching and transliteration-variant detection. Its model and dimension are the producer's (WHG v4 uses Symphonym embeddings), so both must be stated in the gazetteer's description: vectors from different models cannot be compared.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

name type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#name_type

What the name denotes. The list is open: 'toponym' (place name), 'chrononym' (period or era name), 'ethnonym' (people or ethnic group), 'demonym' (inhabitants), 'odonym' (street or road name) and 'hydronym' (water body) are the starter values, and a project may add others ('oronym', 'hagionym') provided it documents them in its gazetteer metadata. Multiple types are possible (a name that functions as both toponym and ethnonym). plato.schema.json carries the same open list; earlier releases closed it there, and the two serialisations now agree. This classifies the referent, not the status of the form. Whether a string is an attested spelling, an editorial headword or a derived search form is a property of the attestation (plato:form_status), because the same string can have a different status in different attestations.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

namespace^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#namespace

Whose identifier plato:entity_identifier is (e.g. 'geonames', 'wikidata', 'tgn', 'osm', 'pleiades', 'whg', or the contributing project's own short name). Authority-sourced SpatialEntities carry their origin namespace; contributed SpatialEntities that cannot be linked to any authority receive the 'whg' namespace.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Spatial Entity ^c
has range: string

negated^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#negated

True when the source states that what this attestation bundles is not so: that a place had no market, that a name was not used, that a grant was refused. The attestation is still about a real SpatialEntity (the town that had no market), with the facet the source denies (a Type 'market'); nothing that never existed need be invented. A denial is a statement a source makes, often a certain one, so it is neither low certainty nor a meta-attestation, which needs a claim to contradict. The 1886 return of market rights answered for every borough and district in England and Wales, and 1,000 of its 1,813 rows are denials. A consumer that does not implement this property will read a denial as an assertion, the opposite of what the source says. So it must be honoured: a tool that cannot express a denial in its target format must leave the attestation out and report it, never write it as an assertion. Bundle one denied facet per attestation, so that what is denied is never in doubt. Absent or false, the attestation asserts.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: boolean

notes^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#notes

Free-text notes providing additional context about this attestation. Can include transcriptions, translations, editorial comments, or other information that doesn't fit structured fields.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: string

occurrence count^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#occurrence_count

The number of times the attested form occurs in the cited source or passage: the '(3 X)' of a place-name survey. A count of occurrences of the form in this source, not of independent sources. It belongs to the attestation, not to the Name, which may occur elsewhere.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: non Negative Integer

open end^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#open_end

Boolean flag indicating that the end of this interval is deliberately unspecified (not merely unknown). True for ongoing periods like 'Modern era (1800-present)' or situations where the end does not exist. Aligns with PeriodO's OpenEndInterval.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: boolean

open start^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#open_start

Boolean flag indicating that the start of this interval is deliberately unspecified (not merely unknown). True for intervals like 'everything before 1453' or 'prehistory until...'. Distinct from null start_earliest, which indicates unknown start. Aligns with PeriodO's OpenBeginningInterval.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: boolean

ORCID^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#contributor_orcid

ORCID identifier for person contributors. Can be provided in two formats: 1. Compact format: 0000-0000-0000-0000 (sixteen digits in groups of four) 2. URI format: https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 (preferred) The URI format (https://orcid.org/...) is preferred and required for proper linked data representation. ORCID is particular about always including the https:// protocol and domain prefix. While optional in the general ontology, specific implementations (e.g., WHG) may require ORCID for person contributors to ensure proper attribution and citation. ORCID provides persistent identification for researchers, enabling proper credit and reducing name ambiguity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Contributor ^c
has range: string

period label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#period_label

Human-readable label for this period (e.g., 'Byzantine period', 'Han Dynasty', 'Early Bronze Age'). Distinct from authority_title, which may be more formal.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Period ^c
has range: string

PeriodO URI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#period_periodo_uri

Link to a PeriodO period definition for this Period authority. When present, indicates this Period aligns with a standardized PeriodO definition. The PeriodO record provides authoritative temporal bounds, spatial extent, and cultural context. Example: 'https://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p06v8w4rb38'

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Period ^c
has range: any U R I

PeriodO URI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#periodo_uri

Link to a PeriodO period definition (https://perio.do/). When a timespan corresponds to a standardized period in PeriodO, this property enables alignment and allows PLATO to inherit PeriodO's temporal bounds, spatial coverage, and cultural context. Example: 'https://n2t.net/ark:/99152/p06v8w4rb38'

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: any U R I

precision in kilometres^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#precision_km

Uncertainty radius in kilometres. For point geometries, indicates how far the true location might be from the stated coordinates. For polygons, indicates boundary uncertainty. Can be multiple values for heterogeneous geometries. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, zero or more (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c

precision value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#precision_value

Numeric precision indicator in years. For example, a decade-level precision would have value 10, century-level would be 100. Enables computational comparison of precision across timespans.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: integer

property label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#property_label

Human-readable label for the property (e.g. 'population').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: string

property type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#property_type

URI of the property in an external vocabulary — a Wikidata property, a CIDOC-CRM property, or a project vocabulary term (e.g. <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1082> for population). Keeping the vocabulary external rather than enumerating attributes in this ontology is what allows the model to carry attributes it has never heard of.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: any U R I

publisher^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#publisher

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Dataset ^c
has range: string

range constraint^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relation_range

Valid object type for this relation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Relation Type ^c
has range: string

related label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#related_label

A name for the target of plato:relates_to, for display: 'the Buddha', 'denarius of Hadrian, BM 1872,0709.470'. It belongs on the attestation rather than on the target, because the target may be someone else's IRI, about which this dataset makes no other statement, and a platform showing a place cannot reliably look up every IRI it links to. Give it whenever the target is not a SpatialEntity in the same dataset; it is harmless, but redundant, when the target is. It names the target; the source's own wording of the relation is plato:source_label. It may also stand alone, with no plato:relates_to, when the source names a target there is nothing to point at (see plato:relates_to).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: string

relation label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#relation_label

Forward label for the relationship (e.g. 'capital_of').

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Relation Type ^c
has range: string

romanized^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#romanized

Romanized (Latin-script) form of the name for searchability and display in contexts requiring ASCII. Should specify transliteration system used via plato:transliteration_system.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

scheme version^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#scheme_version

The version of the vocabulary (the skos:inScheme of this Type) that the type was taken from: '2017' for the RESOLVE ecoregions, a release date for OpenStreetMap's tag definitions. Needed where a scheme's terms change meaning between versions; otherwise optional. JSON schemeVersion, tables type_scheme_version, beside the scheme (JSON scheme, tables type_scheme).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Type ^c
has range: string

script^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#script

ISO 15924 script code (e.g., 'Arab' for Arabic script, 'Latn' for Latin script, 'Hant' for Traditional Han characters). Important for names that may appear in multiple scripts.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

sequence^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#sequence

The position of a member in an ordered whole, as one source gives it: a station on a route, a stop on an itinerary, a segment of a road. It sits on the attestation about the member, which relates_to the route, itinerary or network with plato:MemberOf; the relates_to target is what the number orders, so one place can hold different positions on different routes. Lower numbers come first. Two members with the same number are alternatives at that point (two branches of a road); a source that disagrees with another about the order is recorded as its own attestations, with a meta-attestation where a judgement is made between them. A member with no sequence is in an order the source does not give. The members of an itinerary carry their own timespans, from arrival to departure, and the order of a journey known only from its dates may be left to those timespans.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Attestation ^c
has range: integer

similarity score^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#similarity_score

The matching algorithm's score for this candidate, on the scale that algorithm uses (named by algorithm_version): higher is more similar. It is not a certainty, since a Candidate asserts nothing. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c

source CRS^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#source_crs

Original coordinate reference system. Typically 'EPSG:4326' (WGS84), but may reference historical or custom CRS identifiers for historical maps. Enables proper interpretation of coordinate values.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: string

source label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#source_label

The original label as given in the contributing source, before vocabulary mapping. For a structured PropertyValue this preserves the unparsed original — 'Monday after Whitsun, 3 days' — which is what a future reader will want to check against the document. On a Name it is the form as printed where the toponym has been normalised; on a Geometry, the coordinates as printed ('03-47S/13038E', '??'); on a Timespan, the date as written ('about 1841'). On an Attestation it is the source's own wording of the relation the attestation asserts ('part of Berkshire', 'within Buckingham'), before that relation is mapped to a RelationType; an attestation asserts at most one relation, so the wording is never ambiguous. Like the qualification properties it has no rdfs:domain, so it applies to any facet node or attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has range: string

spatial coverage^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#spatial_coverage

Geographic or cultural region to which this period applies. Free text or URI to a place/region. Useful because periods like 'Medieval' have different temporal bounds in different regions.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Period ^c
has range: string

spatial precision^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#spatial_precision

Precision qualifier for this geometry: 'exact' (surveyed or GPS), 'approximate' (estimated from maps or descriptions), 'uncertain' (multiple possible locations), 'historical_approximate' (based on historical sources with inherent imprecision). Multiple values possible for heterogeneous geometries.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Geometry ^c
has range: string

start earliest^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#start_earliest

The earliest possible start date for this timespan. Together with start_latest, defines the uncertainty range for when the interval began. Use ISO 8601 format (e.g., '1453-05-29') or a year of at least four digits ('0921', '-12000') for year-level precision; deep-time years have as many digits as they need, as in xsd:gYear. May be null for unknown or deliberately open-beginning intervals. The range is rdfs:Literal rather than a single datatype, because one property carries values of three shapes. A plain string is conformant; a producer that can type by shape should emit xsd:gYear for a year, xsd:date for a day and xsd:dateTime otherwise, so that a store can index and compare the bounds. The same applies to start_latest, end_earliest and end_latest.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: Literal

start latest^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#start_latest

The latest possible start date for this timespan. For certain dates, this equals start_earliest. For uncertain dates, defines the end of the uncertainty range for when the interval began.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: Literal

start precision^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#start_precision

Temporal granularity of the start bound. Values: 'day', 'month', 'year', 'decade', 'century', 'era', 'geological_period' (as the JSON Schema's precision enumeration). This describes the resolution of the date specification, distinct from certainty (which describes the confidence in that specification).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: string

status^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#candidate_status

The Candidate's status when its CandidateSet was issued: 'suggested'. Fixed from then on, since a published Candidate is never changed. It is not the outcome of a review, which is read from the attestations pointing at the Candidate through plato:promoted_from (see plato:Candidate). Deprecated: the values 'confirmed' and 'rejected', kept in this comment for one release so that existing data still reads, and removed in the release after; the JSON Schema refuses them already. A producer that accepts matches automatically, with no person reviewing them, should not publish them as 'confirmed' Candidates: it should publish identity attestations (an Attestation bundling IdentityRelations, attributed to the producer, each pointing back through plato:promoted_from), which are claims, attributed and withdrawable; a producer that rejects a match should leave it out of the set, or publish a negated attestation if the rejection is a claim.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Candidate ^c
has range: string

status^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#gazetteer_status

Publication status: 'draft' or 'published'. From 'published' on, the Gazetteer's attestations are append-only (see plato:Gazetteer).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Gazetteer ^c
has range: string

structured value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#value_json

A structured value serialised as JSON, whose shape is declared by plato:value_type. Use plato:value_literal instead for scalar values.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: string

timespan label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#timespan_label

Human-readable label for this timespan (e.g., 'Byzantine period', 'Early Bronze Age', 'Ming Dynasty'). Particularly useful for named periods referenced across multiple attestations. The date exactly as a source writes it ('c. 925', 'a. 1300') is plato:source_label.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Timespan ^c
has range: string

title^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#authority_title

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Authority ^c
has range: string

toponym^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#toponym

The name as the source gives it, in its original script where that is known and can be written; otherwise in a scholarly transliteration, with plato:script giving the script of the transliteration (usually Latn) and plato:transliteration_system saying which system it follows. A Demotic name known only in Egyptological transliteration is a toponym, not a romanised form: plato:romanized is a further form for searching or display, beside a toponym in another script. This is the primary property of a Name entity. Required for all Name instances.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has characteristics: functional

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

transliteration system^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#transliteration_system

The transliteration/romanization system used (e.g., 'Pinyin' for Chinese, 'BGN/PCGN' for Arabic, 'ISO 259' for Hebrew, 'Hepburn' for Japanese). Enables proper interpretation and comparison of a transliterated toponym or a romanized form.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Name ^c
has range: string

type identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#type_identifier

The concept's IRI in a controlled vocabulary: an AAT, Wikidata or GeoNames concept, an OpenStreetMap tag. It should be a full IRI, not a bare code ('PPL', 'Q687188', 'stream') whose vocabulary is known only from somewhere else: that is what lets types from different sources be compared. An OpenStreetMap tag's IRI carries its key (https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:waterway=stream), since the value alone is ambiguous. A source's own category that no vocabulary holds is recorded as the Type's label and plato:source_label, with no identifier, rather than as a code made up for it. The IRI is written as a literal typed xsd:anyURI, never as an IRI object: that is what the JSON-LD context and the spreadsheet tables produce, and one form lets queries compare identifiers without converting them.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Type ^c
has range: any U R I

type label^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#type_label

Human-readable label for this type.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Type ^c
has range: string

value^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#value_literal

The value, where it is a literal: a number, a string, a date. Use plato:value_json instead where the value is structured.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: Literal

value datatype^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#value_datatype

Datatype of the literal value (e.g. xsd:integer, xsd:decimal, xsd:string).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: any U R I

value type^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#value_type

URI declaring the shape of a structured value, so that a consumer can tell whether it understands the value before attempting to read it. Omitted for literal values. Not every attribute a source states is scalar. A market's trading day — 'the Monday after Whitsun, for three days' — is a recurrence rule anchored to a moveable feast, and flattening it to a string would reproduce the loss this class exists to prevent. The ontology stays agnostic about such shapes: it records which shape is in use and leaves the definition to the vocabulary that owns it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: any U R I

value unit^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#value_unit

URI of the unit of measurement, where the value has one — a QUDT unit or a Wikidata unit item. Omitted for counts and dimensionless values.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Property Value ^c
has range: any U R I

version^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#authority_version

Version identifier for tracking upstream authority updates.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

has domain: Authority ^c
has range: string

Named Individuals

0000 0003 3060 0181
accurate
alternative to
annotates
asserted
attested
attribution inferred
attribution stated
attribution status
Begins At
between
beyond
Birthplace Of
bundles
Certain
challenges
complete
Connected To
Contained In
contradicts
Deathplace Of
Depicted In
derived from
direct
doubted
during reign of
editorial
Ends At
evidence span
extent
false
feature point
Findspot Of
form status
geometry role
Has End
headword
Homeland Of
in field name
in personal name
inaccurate
itinerary
itinerary
kind of spatial entity
label anchor
Leads To
Less Certain
Member Of
meta-attestation type
near
network
normalised
not reconstructable
occurrence context
preferred
reconstructable
reconstructed
refines
relative qualifier
reported
representative point
Residence Of
retracts
route
segment
Setting Of
source stance
Subject Of
supersedes
supports
tentative
timespan role
transcription accuracy
transcription completeness
Uncertain
upstream of
variant of
when true
within
Workplace Of

0000 0003 3060 0181ⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-0181

belongs to: Person ^c
has facts: account ^ap docuracy ^ep; mbox ^ap mailto:stephen.gadd@pitt.edu ^ep; name ^ap "Stephen Gadd"

accurateⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionAccurate

The transcription renders what the source shows.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The transcription renders what the source shows."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription accuracy ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "accurate"@en

alternative toⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#AlternativeTo

This attestation and the target are alternative readings of the same evidence: at most one of them is right. Each keeps its own certainty. Link every alternative in a set to the same first one. A set of alternatives is one piece of evidence, not several, so it must be counted once.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "This attestation and the target are alternative readings of the same evidence: at most one of them is right. Each keeps its own certainty. Link every alternative in a set to the same first one. A set of alternatives is one piece of evidence, not several, so it must be counted once."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "alternative to"@en

annotatesⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Annotates

Adds a remark about the target attestation, with its own source, without supporting, contradicting or refining it. The remark is the meta-attestation's notes.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Adds a remark about the target attestation, with its own source, without supporting, contradicting or refining it. The remark is the meta-attestation's notes."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "annotates"@en

assertedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#StanceAsserted

The source states it as so, on its own account. The default source stance, usually omitted.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source states it as so, on its own account. The default source stance, usually omitted."@en; in Scheme ^ap source stance ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "asserted"@en

attestedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Attested

A form read in the cited source. The default form status, usually omitted.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A form read in the cited source. The default form status, usually omitted."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "attested"@en

attribution inferredⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#AttributionInferred

The source was given as ibidem or idem and resolved by an editor, so the attribution is inferred rather than stated.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source was given as ibidem or idem and resolved by an editor, so the attribution is inferred rather than stated."@en; in Scheme ^ap attribution status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "attribution inferred"@en

attribution statedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#AttributionStated

The source is named where the form occurs. The default attribution status, usually omitted.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source is named where the form occurs. The default attribution status, usually omitted."@en; in Scheme ^ap attribution status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "attribution stated"@en

attribution statusⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#AttributionStatusScheme

Starter concepts for plato:attribution_status. Whether the attribution of evidence to a cited source was stated or resolved editorially.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

Begins Atⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#BeginsAt

The subject segment begins at the target: a leg of an itinerary at the station it leaves, a river reach at its upstream confluence. With plato:EndsAt it gives a segment a direction. A segment with no direction is joined to its two ends with plato:HasEnd.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "begins at"@en; inverse label ^dp "beginning_of"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity (a segment)"; relation label ^dp "begins_at"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

betweenⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#BetweenXAndY

Between two anchors, given as two values of plato:relative_to, in no particular order.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Between two anchors, given as two values of plato:relative_to, in no particular order."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "between"@en

beyondⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Beyond

On the far side of the anchor from the point of view of the source.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "On the far side of the anchor from the point of view of the source."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "beyond"@en

Birthplace Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#BirthplaceOf

The subject is where the target person was born.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "birthplace of"@en; inverse label ^dp "born_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "birthplace_of"; range constraint ^dp "person"

bundlesⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Bundles

Groups the target with other related attestations.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Groups the target with other related attestations."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "bundles"@en

Certainⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Certain

The statement is certain: the source, or the contributor, has no doubt of it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Certainty Level ^c
has facts: title ^dp "certain"@en

challengesⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Challenges

Questions the validity of the target attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Questions the validity of the target attestation."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "challenges"@en

completeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionComplete

Nothing of the value is lost.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Nothing of the value is lost."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription completeness ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "complete"@en

Connected Toⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#ConnectedTo

The subject and target are directly connected, in no particular direction: an attestation that A is connected to B says the same as one that B is connected to A. For a connection that runs one way, use plato:LeadsTo. A connection known in both directions from sources that each give one is better recorded as two LeadsTo attestations, each with its own source, than as one ConnectedTo.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "connected to"@en; inverse label ^dp "connected_to"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "connected_to"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

Contained Inⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#ContainedIn

The subject SpatialEntity is contained in the target SpatialEntity, for the attested timespan: a parish in a hundred, a hundred in a county. Not an identity relation and not fixed by the class model; it is a claim, with a source and a certainty, like any other attestation. When a dataset's containing regions are matched to a gazetteer (a parish's county and country, looked up level by level), two claims are made, and kept apart. The dataset's own claim is ContainedIn, pointing at a region minted from the dataset itself, one for each full chain of containers (England, Surrey), never for the name alone, so that two regions with one name in different chains are not merged. The reviewer's decision that this region is the gazetteer's is an IdentityRelation from it, whose promoted_from names the Candidate that holds the matching software's similarity_score. A match score is not a certainty, so it is never put on the containment. In Linked Places Format the two are written together as one gvp:broaderPartitive relation: its relationTo is the identity's object, its certainty the identity attestation's certainty level, its whg_match_score the Candidate's score and its label the region's name. A region assigned by hand, with no software suggestion, may be stated directly against the gazetteer's address instead.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "contained in"@en; authority URI ^dp http://vocab.getty.edu/ontology#broaderPartitive; inverse label ^dp "contains"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "contained_in"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

contradictsⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Contradicts

Asserts that the target attestation is incorrect.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Asserts that the target attestation is incorrect."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "contradicts"@en

Deathplace Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#DeathplaceOf

The subject is where the target person died.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "deathplace of"@en; inverse label ^dp "died_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "deathplace_of"; range constraint ^dp "person"

Depicted Inⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#DepictedIn

The subject is shown in the target: a photograph, map, plan, drawing or other image, identified by its address in a collection.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "depicted in"@en; inverse label ^dp "depicts"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "depicted_in"; range constraint ^dp "image, map or drawing"

derived fromⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#DerivedFrom

This attestation's value was derived from the target attestation's, as a normalised search form is derived from an attested spelling.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "This attestation's value was derived from the target attestation's, as a normalised search form is derived from an attested spelling."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "derived from"@en

directⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Direct

The form refers to the SpatialEntity directly. The default occurrence context, usually omitted.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The form refers to the SpatialEntity directly. The default occurrence context, usually omitted."@en; in Scheme ^ap occurrence context ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "direct"@en

doubtedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#StanceDoubted

The source raises it and declines to settle it. Not a denial, which is plato:negated.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source raises it and declines to settle it. Not a denial, which is plato:negated."@en; in Scheme ^ap source stance ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "doubted"@en

during reign ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#DuringReignOf

A timespan defined by the reign or tenure of the anchor.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A timespan defined by the reign or tenure of the anchor."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "during reign of"@en

editorialⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Editorial

A form written by the editors of the cited edition in their own words (commentary, apparatus, notes), not a form the edited source itself contains.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A form written by the editors of the cited edition in their own words (commentary, apparatus, notes), not a form the edited source itself contains."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "editorial"@en; scope Note ^ap "Use it when the citation is to an edition and the name occurs in the editors' text, not in the edited text. It says nothing about whether the place's name is attested elsewhere. Attested remains the default for forms the source contains."@en

Ends Atⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#EndsAt

The subject segment ends at the target: a leg of an itinerary at the station it reaches, a river reach at its downstream confluence. See plato:BeginsAt.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "ends at"@en; inverse label ^dp "end_of"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity (a segment)"; relation label ^dp "ends_at"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

evidence spanⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#EvidenceSpan

The span of the evidence: the dates of the earliest and latest documents that mention the entity. Not the dates of the entity itself.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The span of the evidence: the dates of the earliest and latest documents that mention the entity. Not the dates of the entity itself."@en; in Scheme ^ap timespan role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "evidence span"@en

extentⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Extent

The built or bounded extent of the SpatialEntity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The built or bounded extent of the SpatialEntity."@en; in Scheme ^ap geometry role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "extent"@en

falseⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionFalse

The transcribed form is not in the source at all: a ghost form, kept because it circulates and must be recognisable.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The transcribed form is not in the source at all: a ghost form, kept because it circulates and must be recognisable."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription accuracy ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "false"@en

feature pointⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#FeaturePoint

The location of a specific central feature of the SpatialEntity, such as a market place or a church.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The location of a specific central feature of the SpatialEntity, such as a market place or a church."@en; in Scheme ^ap geometry role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "feature point"@en

Findspot Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#FindspotOf

The target object (a coin, an inscription, a manuscript) was found at the subject. The timespan is when it was found, if known.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "findspot of"@en; inverse label ^dp "found_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "findspot_of"; range constraint ^dp "object"

form statusⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#FormStatusScheme

Starter concepts for plato:form_status. The status of the name form an attestation contributes.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

geometry roleⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#GeometryRoleScheme

Starter concepts for plato:geometry_role. What a geometry depicts, as distinct from how precisely it is known.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

Has Endⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#HasEnd

The subject segment has the target as one of its ends, in no particular direction: a stretch of road between two towns, walked either way. An undirected segment has two HasEnd attestations. Not plato:ConnectedTo, which joins two places directly: were a segment connected to its ends, every place would be two steps from its neighbours.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "has end"@en; inverse label ^dp "one_end_of"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity (a segment)"; relation label ^dp "has_end"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

headwordⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Headword

The editorial or preferred form under which the cited authority files the entry. A scholarly decision rather than a reading.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The editorial or preferred form under which the cited authority files the entry. A scholarly decision rather than a reading."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "headword"@en

Homeland Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#HomelandOf

The subject is land that the target people lived in or held, as the source says: the target is a people described elsewhere, identified by its address where it has one, and named by plato:related_label. A people is not itself a SpatialEntity.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "homeland of"@en; inverse label ^dp "has_homeland"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "homeland_of"; range constraint ^dp "people"

in field nameⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#InFieldName

The form survives only as an element of a later minor name, such as a field name.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The form survives only as an element of a later minor name, such as a field name."@en; in Scheme ^ap occurrence context ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "in field name"@en

in personal nameⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#InPersonalName

The form occurs only as an element of a personal name, a surname or by-name; the (p) of the place-name surveys.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The form occurs only as an element of a personal name, a surname or by-name; the (p) of the place-name surveys."@en; in Scheme ^ap occurrence context ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "in personal name"@en

inaccurateⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionInaccurate

The transcription departs from what the source shows, by misreading or error, but is a reading of something the source contains.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The transcription departs from what the source shows, by misreading or error, but is a reading of something the source contains."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription accuracy ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "inaccurate"@en

itineraryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Itinerary

A line tracing a route or journey.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A line tracing a route or journey."@en; in Scheme ^ap geometry role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "itinerary"@en

itineraryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TypeItinerary

A journey made through places in order, each stop with its own timespan: a traveller's tour, a royal progress, a ship's voyage. Not plato:Itinerary, which is a geometry role (a line tracing a route or journey).

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A journey made through places in order, each stop with its own timespan: a traveller's tour, a royal progress, a ship's voyage. Not plato:Itinerary, which is a geometry role (a line tracing a route or journey)."@en; in Scheme ^ap kind of spatial entity ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "itinerary"@en

kind of spatial entityⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#EntityKindScheme

Starter concepts for the kinds of SpatialEntity a platform treats specially: routes, itineraries, networks and segments. A Type attestation names one in its type identifier.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

label anchorⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#LabelAnchor

The anchor point of a map label.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The anchor point of a map label."@en; in Scheme ^ap geometry role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "label anchor"@en

Leads Toⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#LeadsTo

A directed connection, from the subject (attests_about) to the target (relates_to): one river flowing into another, a post road carrying mail from one town to the next, letters sent from one city to another. It joins two places; the reaches and legs of a network are segments, whose direction is given by plato:BeginsAt and plato:EndsAt. Not river-specific: a project declares its own narrower types ('flows into', 'carries post to') with plato:broader_relation pointing here, so that a consumer that knows only LeadsTo still follows them in the right direction.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "leads to"@en; inverse label ^dp "reached_from"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "leads_to"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"

Less Certainⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#LessCertain

The statement is probable but not certain.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Certainty Level ^c
has facts: title ^dp "less certain"@en

Member Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#MemberOf

The subject is a member of the target route, itinerary or network: a station on a road, a stop on a journey, a port in a trade network, a segment of a river system. Its position, where the source gives one, is plato:sequence on the same attestation. A route may be a member of another route (one stage of a pilgrimage), but not, through any chain of memberships, of itself. Not containment: a town on a road is not within it, and a network's members need not lie inside anything.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "member of"@en; inverse label ^dp "has_member"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "member_of"; range constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity (a route, itinerary or network)"

meta-attestation typeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#MetaTypeScheme

Starter concepts for plato:has_meta_type. The nature of a meta-attestation's relationship to its target attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

nearⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Near

Close to the anchor, without a stated bearing or distance.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Close to the anchor, without a stated bearing or distance."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "near"@en

networkⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TypeNetwork

A set of places and the connections between them, in no single order: a river system, a canal network, a correspondence network.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A set of places and the connections between them, in no single order: a river system, a canal network, a correspondence network."@en; in Scheme ^ap kind of spatial entity ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "network"@en

normalisedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Normalised

A form derived from an attested one for matching or search, attested by no source and carrying no independent evidential value.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A form derived from an attested one for matching or search, attested by no source and carrying no independent evidential value."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "normalised"@en

not reconstructableⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionNonReconstructable

Part of the value is lost and cannot be supplied.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Part of the value is lost and cannot be supplied."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription completeness ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "not reconstructable"@en

occurrence contextⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#OccurrenceContextScheme

Starter concepts for plato:occurrence_context. The capacity in which an attested form occurs in its source.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

preferredⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Preferred

The form the contributing project prefers for display and search: a project decision, so the cited source may show a different form.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The form the contributing project prefers for display and search: a project decision, so the cited source may show a different form."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "preferred"@en

reconstructableⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionReconstructable

Part of the value is lost, damaged or abbreviated, but can be supplied with confidence.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Part of the value is lost, damaged or abbreviated, but can be supplied with confidence."@en; in Scheme ^ap transcription completeness ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "reconstructable"@en

reconstructedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Reconstructed

A form inferred but not attested; the philologists' asterisked form.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A form inferred but not attested; the philologists' asterisked form."@en; in Scheme ^ap form status ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "reconstructed"@en

refinesⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Refines

Provides more precise information than the target attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Provides more precise information than the target attestation."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "refines"@en

relative qualifierⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#RelativeQualifierScheme

Starter concepts for plato:relative_qualifier. How a facet is defined relative to its anchor when bearing and distance are not applicable or not sufficient.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

reportedⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#StanceReported

The source passes it on without vouching for it: 'it is said', 'as Cambden noteth'.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source passes it on without vouching for it: 'it is said', 'as Cambden noteth'."@en; in Scheme ^ap source stance ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "reported"@en

representative pointⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#RepresentativePoint

A proxy point standing in for the whole SpatialEntity, for indexing and display; it need not depict any feature of it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A proxy point standing in for the whole SpatialEntity, for indexing and display; it need not depict any feature of it."@en; in Scheme ^ap geometry role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "representative point"@en

Residence Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#ResidenceOf

The target person or group lived at the subject, for the attested timespan.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "residence of"@en; inverse label ^dp "resided_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "residence_of"; range constraint ^dp "person or group"

retractsⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Retracts

The target attestation is withdrawn: it no longer holds, and is kept only so that earlier states of the gazetteer can be reproduced. A Gazetteer retracts the attestations it made, such as a bad import; a maintainer signs for the Gazetteer, and is recorded as the retraction's contributor. It is not a claim about the person who first wrote the attestation. To dispute an attestation made by another Gazetteer, use plato:Contradicts. A tool showing the current state leaves a retracted attestation out. A retraction is itself an attestation: retracting it withdraws the withdrawal, and the target holds again.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The target attestation is withdrawn: it no longer holds, and is kept only so that earlier states of the gazetteer can be reproduced. A Gazetteer retracts the attestations it made, such as a bad import; a maintainer signs for the Gazetteer, and is recorded as the retraction's contributor. It is not a claim about the person who first wrote the attestation. To dispute an attestation made by another Gazetteer, use plato:Contradicts. A tool showing the current state leaves a retracted attestation out. A retraction is itself an attestation: retracting it withdraws the withdrawal, and the target holds again."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "retracts"@en

routeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TypeRoute

An ordered set of places making a way: a road, a sea lane, a pilgrimage route. Its timespan, if any, is when it was in use, not when anyone travelled it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "An ordered set of places making a way: a road, a sea lane, a pilgrimage route. Its timespan, if any, is when it was in use, not when anyone travelled it."@en; in Scheme ^ap kind of spatial entity ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "route"@en

segmentⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TypeSegment

A physical link with an existence of its own: a leg of a route between two stations, a reach of a river between confluences. Platforms may leave segments out of lists and searches of places.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A physical link with an existence of its own: a leg of a route between two stations, a reach of a river between confluences. Platforms may leave segments out of lists and searches of places."@en; in Scheme ^ap kind of spatial entity ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "segment"@en

Setting Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#SettingOf

The target event (a battle, a council, a fair) took place at the subject, wholly or in part.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "setting of"@en; inverse label ^dp "took_place_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "setting_of"; range constraint ^dp "event"

source stanceⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#SourceStanceScheme

Starter concepts for plato:source_stance. How firmly the source itself asserts what an attestation records, as distinct from anyone's confidence in it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

Subject Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#SubjectOf

The target is about the subject: an archival file, a site record, a report or a publication, identified by its address. Not a citation of the target as evidence for another statement, which is plato:has_citation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "subject of"@en; inverse label ^dp "about"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "subject_of"; range constraint ^dp "record, document or publication"

supersedesⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Supersedes

Replaces the target attestation with newer information.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Replaces the target attestation with newer information."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "supersedes"@en

supportsⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Supports

Provides additional evidence for the target attestation.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Provides additional evidence for the target attestation."@en; in Scheme ^ap meta-attestation type ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "supports"@en

tentativeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#StanceTentative

The source states it, but with a hedge: 'as it seems', 'were (if not are)'.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The source states it, but with a hedge: 'as it seems', 'were (if not are)'."@en; in Scheme ^ap source stance ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "tentative"@en

timespan roleⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TimespanRoleScheme

Starter concepts for plato:timespan_role. What an attestation's timespans date: when what it records held, or the span of the evidence for it.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

transcription accuracyⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionAccuracyScheme

Starter concepts for plato:transcription_accuracy. How faithfully a transcribed value renders what the source shows.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

transcription completenessⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#TranscriptionCompletenessScheme

Starter concepts for plato:transcription_completeness. Whether a transcribed value is whole, and if not, whether the lost part can be supplied.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept Scheme ^c

Uncertainⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Uncertain

The statement is doubtful: possible, but not established.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Certainty Level ^c
has facts: title ^dp "uncertain"@en

upstream ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#UpstreamOf

Upstream of the anchor along a watercourse.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Upstream of the anchor along a watercourse."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "upstream of"@en

variant ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#VariantOf

A name defined as a variant of the anchor name.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "A name defined as a variant of the anchor name."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "variant of"@en

when trueⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#WhenTrue

The period during which what the attestation records held, according to the source. The default.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "The period during which what the attestation records held, according to the source. The default."@en; in Scheme ^ap timespan role ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "when true"@en

withinⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#Within

Inside the anchor.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Concept ^c
has facts: definition ^ap "Inside the anchor."@en; in Scheme ^ap relative qualifier ⁿⁱ; pref Label ^ap "within"@en

Workplace Ofⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/plato#WorkplaceOf

The target person or group worked, or held office, at the subject, for the attested timespan: Linked Traces' heldOffice, and work generally.

Is defined by: https://w3id.org/plato

belongs to: Relation Type ^c
has facts: title ^dp "workplace of"@en; inverse label ^dp "worked_at"; domain constraint ^dp "SpatialEntity"; relation label ^dp "workplace_of"; range constraint ^dp "person or group"

Legend back to ToC

^c: Classes
^op: Object Properties
^dp: Data Properties
ⁿⁱ: Named Individuals
^ep: External Properties

Changes from last version

Object Properties

Modified object properties

https://w3id.org/plato#attests_timespan
- Added: rdfs:comment " Links an Attestation to the Timespan during which the attested properties (name, geometry, type) were applicable. Distinct from the attestation's creation date: this is the historical timespan being asserted, not when the assertion was made. It is no wider than the source can witness: a source that shows a name in use only in its own day (a letter, a survey, a gazetteer consulted now) supports a timespan of that day, so the attested timespan then coincides with the source's own date (plato:source_timespan), while remaining the claim's. Unless plato:timespan_role says otherwise (plato:EvidenceSpan, the span of the evidence), the timespan dates what the attestation records. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " Links an Attestation to the Timespan during which the attested properties (name, geometry, type) were applicable. Distinct from the attestation's creation date: this is the historical timespan being asserted, not when the assertion was made. It is no wider than the source can witness: a source that shows a name in use only in its own day (a letter, a survey, a gazetteer consulted now) supports a timespan of that day, so the attested timespan then coincides with the source's own date (plato:source_timespan), while remaining the claim's. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#has_meta_type
- Added: rdfs:comment " The nature of a meta-attestation's relationship to its target attestation. Should reference a controlled vocabulary concept defining the relationship type. The starter concepts, declared in this ontology's MetaTypeScheme: - plato:Contradicts: asserts the target attestation is incorrect - plato:Supports: provides additional evidence for the target attestation - plato:Supersedes: replaces the target attestation with newer information - plato:Refines: provides more precise information than the target - plato:Challenges: questions the target attestation's validity - plato:Bundles: groups the target with other related attestations - plato:DerivedFrom: this attestation's value was derived from the target's (a normalised search form from an attested spelling) - plato:Annotates: adds a remark about the target, with its own source, without supporting, contradicting or refining it; the remark is the meta-attestation's notes - plato:AlternativeTo: this attestation and the target are alternative readings of the same evidence, at most one of them right - plato:Retracts: the target attestation is withdrawn by the Gazetteer that made it, and kept only so that earlier states can be reproduced Using SKOS concepts rather than strings enables vocabulary management and multilingual labels. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " The nature of a meta-attestation's relationship to its target attestation. Should reference a controlled vocabulary concept defining the relationship type. The starter concepts, declared in this ontology's MetaTypeScheme: - plato:Contradicts: asserts the target attestation is incorrect - plato:Supports: provides additional evidence for the target attestation - plato:Supersedes: replaces the target attestation with newer information - plato:Refines: provides more precise information than the target - plato:Challenges: questions the target attestation's validity - plato:Bundles: groups the target with other related attestations - plato:DerivedFrom: this attestation's value was derived from the target's (a normalised search form from an attested spelling) - plato:Annotates: adds a remark about the target, with its own source, without supporting, contradicting or refining it; the remark is the meta-attestation's notes - plato:AlternativeTo: this attestation and the target are alternative readings of the same evidence, at most one of them right - plato:Retracts: the target attestation is withdrawn by whoever made it, and kept only so that earlier states can be reproduced Using SKOS concepts rather than strings enables vocabulary management and multilingual labels. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#relates_to
- Added: rdfs:comment " Links an Attestation to the second entity of a relationship between the Attestation's subject entity (via attests_about) and this target. The semantic nature of the relationship is specified by plato:has_relation_type, which references a RelationType authority. Example: An attestation about Constantinople that relates_to the Byzantine Empire with relation_type \"capital_of\" asserts that \"Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire\". The target is usually another SpatialEntity in the same dataset. It may instead be an entity that is not spatial and is described elsewhere: a person, an object or an event, identified by its IRI (an attestation about Lumbini that relates_to the Buddha, with plato:BirthplaceOf). There is deliberately no rdfs:range, so such a target is not inferred to be a SpatialEntity. Give an external target a plato:related_label. Platforms should show relations to entities that are not spatial apart from spatial ones, and leave them out of containment, clustering and matching. A source sometimes names the target without anything to point at: \"in the Delta\", \"in the territory of the Agrianes\". The attestation then has plato:has_relation_type and plato:related_label, and no relates_to, which says exactly what the source says. A unit that recurs and can be listed (the provinces or nomes of a gazetteer, each named in thousands of records) is better minted as a SpatialEntity of the dataset, with a name attested from the source, so that the places in it can be joined; a name alone suits a one-off. A consumer cannot join on a name, and should show it as written. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " Links an Attestation to the second entity of a relationship between the Attestation's subject entity (via attests_about) and this target. The semantic nature of the relationship is specified by plato:has_relation_type, which references a RelationType authority. Example: An attestation about Constantinople that relates_to the Byzantine Empire with relation_type \"capital_of\" asserts that \"Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire\". The target is usually another SpatialEntity in the same dataset. It may instead be an entity that is not spatial and is described elsewhere: a person, an object or an event, identified by its IRI (an attestation about Lumbini that relates_to the Buddha, with plato:BirthplaceOf). There is deliberately no rdfs:range, so such a target is not inferred to be a SpatialEntity. Give an external target a plato:related_label. Platforms should show relations to entities that are not spatial apart from spatial ones, and leave them out of containment, clustering and matching. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#relative_to
- Added: rdfs:comment " Links a facet node to its anchor entity, indicating that this facet is defined relationally rather than absolutely. The anchor is typically a SpatialEntity, Period, or another facet (Name, Timespan, etc.). Common patterns: - Spatial relativity: \"20km east of Nanjing\" (anchor is a SpatialEntity) - Temporal relativity: \"during the reign of Justinian\" (anchor is a Period) - Name relativity: \"also known as Rome\" (anchor is another Name) A facet may have more than one anchor where its qualifier needs them: \"between the 5th cataract and Meroe\" is plato:BetweenXAndY with exactly two values of relative_to, in no particular order. A bearing or a distance (plato:relative_bearing, plato:relative_distance) is measured from one point, so a facet that has either has exactly one anchor. A location given relative to several places at once (\"in the territory of Theadelpheia, Euhemeria and Philoteris\") is several attestations, a containment or a nearness for each place, not one facet with many anchors. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " Links a facet node to its anchor entity, indicating that this facet is defined relationally rather than absolutely. The anchor is typically a SpatialEntity, Period, or another facet (Name, Timespan, etc.). Common patterns: - Spatial relativity: \"20km east of Nanjing\" (anchor is a SpatialEntity) - Temporal relativity: \"during the reign of Justinian\" (anchor is a Period) - Name relativity: \"also known as Rome\" (anchor is another Name) "@en

Added object properties

https://w3id.org/plato#timespan_role
- Added: domain https://w3id.org/plato#Attestation
- Added: Range http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

Data Properties

Modified data properties

https://w3id.org/plato#related_label
- Added: rdfs:comment " A name for the target of plato:relates_to, for display: 'the Buddha', 'denarius of Hadrian, BM 1872,0709.470'. It belongs on the attestation rather than on the target, because the target may be someone else's IRI, about which this dataset makes no other statement, and a platform showing a place cannot reliably look up every IRI it links to. Give it whenever the target is not a SpatialEntity in the same dataset; it is harmless, but redundant, when the target is. It names the target; the source's own wording of the relation is plato:source_label. It may also stand alone, with no plato:relates_to, when the source names a target there is nothing to point at (see plato:relates_to). "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " A name for the target of plato:relates_to, for display: 'the Buddha', 'denarius of Hadrian, BM 1872,0709.470'. It belongs on the attestation rather than on the target, because the target may be someone else's IRI, about which this dataset makes no other statement, and a platform showing a place cannot reliably look up every IRI it links to. Give it whenever the target is not a SpatialEntity in the same dataset; it is harmless, but redundant, when the target is. It names the target; the source's own wording of the relation is plato:source_label. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#relative_bearing
- Added: rdfs:comment " Compass bearing from the anchor, in degrees (0–360). Primarily used for relative geometries: '90' means east of the anchor. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Only on a facet with exactly one anchor (see plato:relative_to). Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 360 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " Compass bearing from the anchor, in degrees (0–360). Primarily used for relative geometries: '90' means east of the anchor. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, from 0 to 360 (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#relative_distance
- Added: rdfs:comment " Distance from the anchor, in metres. Primarily used for relative geometries. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Only on a facet with exactly one anchor (see plato:relative_to). Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, zero or more (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " Distance from the anchor, in metres. Primarily used for relative geometries. May carry its own certainty or fuzziness. Any XSD numeric datatype is accepted, zero or more (xsd:decimal, xsd:double, xsd:float, xsd:integer and the others), so it has no rdfs:range. PLATO tools writes a whole number as xsd:integer and any other as xsd:double, as JSON-LD does. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#toponym
- Added: rdfs:comment " The name as the source gives it, in its original script where that is known and can be written; otherwise in a scholarly transliteration, with plato:script giving the script of the transliteration (usually Latn) and plato:transliteration_system saying which system it follows. A Demotic name known only in Egyptological transliteration is a toponym, not a romanised form: plato:romanized is a further form for searching or display, beside a toponym in another script. This is the primary property of a Name entity. Required for all Name instances. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " The name string itself in its original script. This is the primary property of a Name entity. Required for all Name instances. "@en
https://w3id.org/plato#transliteration_system
- Added: rdfs:comment " The transliteration/romanization system used (e.g., 'Pinyin' for Chinese, 'BGN/PCGN' for Arabic, 'ISO 259' for Hebrew, 'Hepburn' for Japanese). Enables proper interpretation and comparison of a transliterated toponym or a romanized form. "@en
- Deleted: rdfs:comment " The transliteration/romanization system used (e.g., 'Pinyin' for Chinese, 'BGN/PCGN' for Arabic, 'ISO 259' for Hebrew, 'Hepburn' for Japanese). Enables proper interpretation and comparison of romanized forms. "@en

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.

PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology

Release: 2026-02-16

PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology: Overview back to ToC

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology: Description back to ToC

Cross-reference for PLATO — Place Attestation Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

Classes

Attestationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Authorityc back to ToC or Class ToC

Candidatec back to ToC or Class ToC

Candidate Setc back to ToC or Class ToC

Certainty Levelc back to ToC or Class ToC

Citationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Contributorc back to ToC or Class ToC

Datasetc back to ToC or Class ToC

Gazetteerc back to ToC or Class ToC

Gazetteer Groupc back to ToC or Class ToC

Geometryc back to ToC or Class ToC

Identity Relationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Namec back to ToC or Class ToC

Organizationc back to ToC or Class ToC

Periodc back to ToC or Class ToC

Property Valuec back to ToC or Class ToC

Relation Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

Sourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

Spatial Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

Timespanc back to ToC or Class ToC

Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

Object Properties

affiliationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

asserted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests geometryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests identityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests nameop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests propertyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests timespanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attribution statusop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

broader relationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

candidate entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

candidates forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

certainty levelop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

citation functionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

citesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains attestationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains candidateop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains identity relationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contributed byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

convex hullop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

declares relation typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

derived fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

form statusop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry GeoJSONop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry roleop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry WKTop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has citationop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has relation typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has timespanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity objectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity sourced byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity subjectop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

member of groupop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

meta-attestation aboutop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

meta-attestation typeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

occurrence contextop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

ownerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

part ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

promoted fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relates toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relative qualifierop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relative toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

representative pointop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source entityop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source stanceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source timespanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

Attestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Authority^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Candidate^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Candidate Set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Certainty Level^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Citation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Contributor^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Gazetteer^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Gazetteer Group^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Geometry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Identity Relation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Name^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Organization^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Period^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Property Value^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Relation Type^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Source^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Spatial Entity^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Timespan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

Type^c back to ToC or Class ToC

affiliation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

asserted by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests about^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests geometry^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests identity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests name^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests property^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attests type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

attribution status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

broader relation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

candidate entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

candidates for^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

certainty level^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

citation function^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

cites^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains attestation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains candidate^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contains identity relation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

contributed by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

convex hull^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

declares relation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

derived from^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

form status^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry GeoJSON^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

geometry WKT^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has citation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has relation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

has timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity object^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity sourced by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

identity subject^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

member of group^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

meta-attestation about^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

meta-attestation type^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

occurrence context^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

owner^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

part of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

promoted from^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relates to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relative qualifier^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

relative to^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

representative point^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source entity^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source stance^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

source timespan^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

sourced by^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

timespan role^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

transcription accuracy^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

transcription completeness^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

universe^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

affiliation (string)^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

algorithm version^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

asserted at^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

authority URI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

bearing^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

bibliographic string^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC